中

下

Unicode: U+4E0B

Pinyin: xià

Definition

* 位置在低处的，与"上"相对。 ～层。～款。 * 等级低的。 ～级。～品。～乘（佛教用语，一般借指文学艺术的平庸境界或下品）。～里巴人（泛指通俗的普及的文学艺术，常与"阳春白雪"对举）。 * 方面，方位。 两～都同意。 * 次序或时间在后的。 ～卷。～次。～限。 * 由高处往低处，降落。 ～山。～车。～马。～达。 * 使降落。 ～半旗。～棋。 * 进入。 ～海。 * 投送。 ～书。 * 到规定时间结束日常工作或学习。 ～班。～课。 * 谦辞。 在～。～官。 * 颁布。 ～令。 * 攻克。 攻～。 * 卸掉。 ～货。把他的枪～了。 * 用，投入精力。 ～工夫。 * 退让。 争执不～。 * 做出判断。 ～结论。 * 量词，指动作次数。 打三～。 * 用在名词后边（❶表示在里面，如"心～"、"言～"；❷表示当某个时节，如"节～"、"年～"）。 * 用在动词后边（❶表示关系，如"教导～"、"培养～"；❷表示完成或结果，如"打～基础"；❸与"来"、"去"连用表示趋向或继续，如"走～去"、"停～来"）。 * 少于。 不～二百人。 * 动物生产。 鸡～蛋

under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down

Structure

下 graph

Related substructures

yvgPHnX8 1EGkR8Iu

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_E09141_E09241_E09341_E09441_E09541_E09641_E09741_E09841_E09941_E09A41_E09B41_E09C
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_E09831_E09A31_E09931_E09B31_E09C31_E0A031_E09D31_E09E31_E09F31_E0A1
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E16D55_E13B55_E13C55_E13E55_E13D55_E14155_E14255_E14455_E14555_E13F55_E14055_E14655_E14755_E14855_E14955_E14A55_E14B55_E14C55_E14D55_E14E55_E14F55_E15055_E15155_E15255_E15355_E14355_E15455_E15855_E15555_E15655_E15755_E15955_E16955_E16A55_E16B55_E16C55_E15B55_E15A55_E15C55_E15D55_E16355_E15E55_E16055_E16155_E16255_E16555_E15F55_E16455_E16655_E16755_E16855_E16D51_E17751_E17851_E17951_E17051_E17151_E17251_E16851_E16951_E16A51_E16B51_E16C51_E16E51_E16F51_E17451_E17555_E16F55_E17055_E17255_E17155_E17355_E18A55_E18B55_E16E55_E18C55_E18D55_E18E55_E19155_E19055_E18F55_E19555_E19655_E17455_E19755_E17555_E17655_E17755_E19255_E17855_E19355_E19455_E17955_E18055_E19855_E17A55_E19955_E17C55_E17B55_E17E55_E17F55_E17D55_E18755_E18855_E19A55_E19B55_E18955_E19C51_E17355_E18155_E18655_E18355_E18555_E18455_E18255_E19D55_E19E55_E19F55_E1A055_E1A255_E1A1
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E01671_E01771_E018
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_F40727_4E0B
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_E08A91_E08B91_E09391_E09491_E09591_E08391_E08C91_E08E91_E08D91_E09691_E08471_E01891_E08F91_E09091_E09191_E09291_E08071_E01671_E01791_E08291_E08591_E08691_E08791_E08891_E089
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E09C81_E09D81_E09E81_E09F81_E0A081_E0A181_E0A281_E0A381_E0A481_E0A581_E0A681_E0A781_E0A881_E0A981_E0AA81_E0AB81_E0AC81_E0AD81_E0AE81_E0AF81_E0B081_E0B181_E0B281_E0B381_E0B481_E0B581_E0B681_E0B781_E0B881_E0B981_E0BA

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC