中

古

Unicode: U+53E4

Pinyin: gǔ

Definition

* 时代久远的，过去的，与"今"相对。 ～代。～稀（人七十岁的代称，源于杜甫《曲江》"人生七十古来稀"）。～典。～风。～训。～道（ａ．指古代的道理；ｂ．古朴；ｃ．古老的道路）。 * 古体诗的简称。 五～（五言古诗）。七～（七言古诗）。 * 姓

old, classic, ancient

Structure

古 graph

Related substructures

SmeNHVzR

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_EBFA41_EBFB41_EBFC41_EBFD41_EBFE41_EBFF41_EC0041_EC0141_EC0241_EC0341_EC0441_EC0541_EC0641_EC0741_EC0841_EC0941_EC0A41_EC0B41_EC0C41_EC0D41_EC0E41_EC0F41_EC1041_EC1141_EC1241_EC1341_EC1441_EC1541_EC1641_EC1741_EC1841_EC1941_EC1A41_EC1B41_EC1C41_EC1D41_EC1E41_EC1F
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EB1E31_EB1D31_EB1C31_EB1631_EB1731_EB1531_EB1B
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_ECC555_ECC055_ECC155_ECC255_ECC355_ECDC55_ECDB55_ECDD55_ECDE55_ECDF55_ECFC55_ECFF55_ECFB55_ECFD55_ECFE55_ED0055_ED0155_ED0255_ED0355_ED0455_ED0555_ED0655_ECE055_ED0755_ED0855_ED0955_ED0A55_ED0B55_ECEA55_ECEB55_ECEC55_ECED55_ECEE55_ECEF55_ECF551_EC7651_EC6751_F1EC51_EC6851_EC6951_EC6A51_EC6B51_EC6351_EC6451_EC6551_EC6D51_EC6E51_EC6F51_EC6C51_EC7051_EC7151_EC7251_EC7351_EC7451_EC7551_EC7851_EC7951_EC7A51_EC7B51_EC7F51_EC8051_EC8151_EC8251_EC8351_EC7C51_EC7D51_EC7E51_EC7751_EC8451_EC8551_EC8651_EC8751_EC8851_EC8955_ECB655_ECB955_ECB755_ECB855_ECBA55_ECBB55_ECBC55_ECBD55_ECBE55_ECBF55_ECC455_ECF055_ECF155_ECF255_ECF355_ECF455_ECF655_ECE555_ECE655_ECE755_ECE855_ECE955_ECC655_ECC755_ECC855_ECCA55_ECC955_ECCB55_ECCC55_ECCE55_ECCF55_ECD055_ECD355_ECD155_ECD555_ECCD55_ECE155_ECE455_ECE355_ECE255_ECF755_ECF855_ECF955_ECFA55_ECD255_ECD455_ECD655_ECD755_ECD855_ECDA55_ECD955_ED0C55_ED0D55_ED0E55_ED0F55_ED1055_ED2355_ED2455_ED2A55_ED2B55_ED2C55_ED2D55_ED2E55_ED2F55_ED3055_ED2855_ED2555_ED2755_ED1255_ED2655_ED2955_ED2255_ED2155_ED2055_ED3155_ED3255_ED3355_ED3455_ED1F55_ED1155_ED1355_ED1455_ED1655_ED1555_ED1855_ED1755_ED1955_ED1A55_ED1D55_ED1C55_ED1B55_ED1E
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E1F571_E1F4
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_53E427_E1E4
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EC5571_E1F491_EC5691_EC5991_EC5A71_E1F591_EC5791_EC58
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EFD281_EFD381_EFD481_EFD581_EFD681_EFD781_EFD881_EFD981_EFDA81_EFDB81_EFDC81_EFDD81_EFDE

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC