張
Definition
zhāng:* 把弦绷在弓上。与""相对。 * ①开弓，拉弓弦。②又紧张。与"松弛"相对。 * ①乐器上弦。 ②又弹弄（琴弦）、演奏。 * ①设罗网机关以捕取鸟兽。 ②又捕捉。 * 设置；布置（旧读zhàng）。 * 布满；充满。 * 大；广大。 * 增强；扩大。 * 夸张，夸大。 * 张开；伸展。如。 张帆；张口结舌。 * 离开；分开。" * 跌，翻。 * 强；盛。 * 张贴；张挂。 * 看；望。如。 东张西望。 * 主张。 * 量词。如。 一张桌子；两张弓。 * 星名，二十八宿之一，南方朱雀七宿的第五宿，有星六颗。 * 古地名。原为汉代诸侯国名，后改为县，治今河北省邢台县东北。 * 商店开业。如。 新张大喜；开张。 * 姓。 zhàng:* 骄傲自大。 * 鼓胀。后作""。 * 帐幔，帷幕。后作""
stretch, extend, expand; sheet
Structure
Related substructures
Precursors
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
Liushutong Seal Forms
Pre-Qin to Han seal-type forms (≤220 CE) / compiled 1661 (Min Qiji); collated and printed 1720 (Bi Hongshu)
A ten-volume compendium of seal-script variants arranged by the rhymes of Hongwu Zhengyun: each head character gives its Shuowen small seal form, then variants gathered from guwen, zhouwen, bronze inscriptions and Qin–Han seals. Long a standard reference for seal carvers, but the forms are compiled rather than excavated and were collected with little vetting, so many are of doubtful authenticity.Wikimedia Commons ->