中

氏

Unicode: U+6C0F

Pinyin: zhī shì jīng

Definition

shì:* 古代"姓"和"氏"分用。姓是总的，氏是分支，后来姓和氏不分，可以混用。 * 古代称呼帝王贵族等，后称呼名人、专家。 神农～。太史～。摄～表。 zhī:* 〔阏（ yān ）～〕见"阏"。 * 〔月～〕见"月"

clan, family; mister

Structure

氏 graph

Related substructures

lyFdfYIW

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_EEB043_EEB1
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_F2DB33_F2B233_F2BF33_F2B633_F2B333_F2B733_F2B833_F2C033_F2C333_F2BE33_F2B533_F2DC33_F2C233_F2C733_F2CA33_F2CD33_F2C533_F2C133_F2CE33_F2B933_F2B433_F2CC33_F2C433_F2CB33_F2BB33_F2C633_F2C833_F2BC33_F2BD33_F2D633_F2BA33_F2CF33_F2DD33_F2DE33_F2D433_F2D533_F2D033_F2C933_F2D233_F2D333_F2D933_F2D133_F2DA33_F2D733_F2E033_F2DF33_F2E133_F2D8
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E95D53_E95E53_E95B53_E95C57_F0EB57_F0EA57_F0EC57_F0ED57_F0EE57_F0EF57_F0F057_F0F257_F0F357_F0F157_F0F457_F0F557_F0F657_F0F757_F0F8
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_ECC3
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6C0F
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_ECC393_F81B93_F81C93_F81D93_F81E93_F82193_F82293_F82393_F82493_F82593_F81F93_F820
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F6E584_F6E684_F6E784_F6E884_F6E984_F6EA84_F6EB84_F6EC84_F6ED84_F6EE

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC