爾
Definition
ěr:* 〔麗爾〕疏朗。 * 如此；這樣。 * 代詞。①用於第二人稱，相當於"你"。古上下通用，後只用於平輩或對下。②表示指稱，相當於"彼"、"此"。 * 嘆詞。表示應答，相當於"唯"。 * 語氣詞。①相當於"罷了"。②表示陳述。③表示判斷。④表示疑問，相當於"呢"。 * 助詞。①用在句中。②後綴。用于形容词或副词。相當於"然"。 * 通"薾"。花朵繁茂的樣子。 * 同"邇"。①近。②淺近。 * 姓。 m:* 滿；眾。也作"濔"
you; that, those; final particle
Structure
Related substructures
Precursors
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC