中

牛

Unicode: U+725B

Pinyin: niú

Definition

* 哺乳动物，趾端有蹄，头上长一对角，是反刍类动物，力量很大，能耕田拉车，肉和奶可食，角、皮、骨可作器物。 ～刀小试（喻有很大的本领，先在小事情上施展一下）。～黄。～角。 * 星名，二十八宿之。 ～斗（指牛宿和斗宿二星）。 * 喻固执或骄傲。 ～气。 * 姓

cow, ox, bull; KangXi radical93

Structure

牛 graph

Related substructures

U03W93bw

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_E41B41_E41C41_E41D41_E41E41_E41F41_E42041_E42141_E42241_E42341_E42441_E42541_E42641_E42741_E42841_E42941_E42A41_E42B41_E42C41_E42D41_E42E41_E42F41_E43041_E431
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_EE5734_EE5831_E47A31_E47B31_E47E31_E47C31_E47D31_E47F31_E480
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E5EE51_E5DE51_E5E351_E5E151_E5E451_E5E251_E5DF51_E5E051_E5E651_E5E551_E5E951_E5EA51_E5E751_E5E851_E5EC51_E5EB51_E5ED55_E56E55_E56F55_E57055_E57155_E57255_E57355_E57455_E57555_E57655_E57755_E57855_E57955_E57A55_E57B55_E57C55_E57D55_E57E
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
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Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_725B
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E0BF71_E0C091_E65391_E65491_E65791_E65591_E65691_E65891_E65991_E65B91_E65A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
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Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC