累
Definition
léi:* 〔～～〕①连续成串，如"果实～～"；②颓丧的样子，如"～～若丧家之犬"。 * 〔～赘〕①多余，不简洁，如"文字～～"；②使人感到多余或麻烦的事物，如"负重登高，不胜～～"（""均读轻声）。 lěi:* 连续，重叠，堆积。 ～计。～日。～积。～～。日积月～。连篇～牍。 * 照原数目多少而递增。 ～进税。 * 连及，连带。 ～及。牵～。拖～。 lèi:* 疲乏，过劳。 劳～。～乏。 * 使疲劳。 病刚好，别再～着
tired; implicate, involve; bother
Structure
Related substructures
Precursors
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
Liushutong Seal Forms
Pre-Qin to Han seal-type forms (≤220 CE) / compiled 1661 (Min Qiji); collated and printed 1720 (Bi Hongshu)
A ten-volume compendium of seal-script variants arranged by the rhymes of Hongwu Zhengyun: each head character gives its Shuowen small seal form, then variants gathered from guwen, zhouwen, bronze inscriptions and Qin–Han seals. Long a standard reference for seal carvers, but the forms are compiled rather than excavated and were collected with little vetting, so many are of doubtful authenticity.Wikimedia Commons ->