* 同"终"
Semantic variant of 終: end; finally, in the end
Structure 亠 | HanziFinder
6284 
亠 * 同"梓"
(translated) Same as "梓"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音cay。 木，树
(translated) wood; tree
* 读音thớt 砧板
(translated) "thớt": chopping board
* 读音gọn 水车
(translated) water wheel
* 液体一点一点地向下落。 ～眼药。～落。～翠。水～石穿（喻只要有恒心，不断努力，事情一定能成功，亦作"滴水穿石"）。～漏（漏壶）。 * 一点一点向下落的液体。 水～。汗～。 * 量词，用于滴下的液体的数量。 ～水不漏。两～墨水
drip; drop of water
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 金文隶定字， 同"衍"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》1010 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第297器銘文中
(translated) Li Ding form in bronze script, same as "衍"; original form in bronze script
* 粤语loeng6
(translated) Cantonese: loeng6
* 鸟、兽的总称。 五～戏。 * 特指鸟类。 家～。飞～走兽。 * 古通"擒"："不～二毛。" * 姓
birds, fowl; surname;; capture
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𭧪"
(translated) Same as "𭧪"
* 同"笐"。 * 《八辅》 第40区， 第91字
(translated) same as "笐"
* 读音rá 筲箕。[盖～] 紧密编织的篮子
(translated) bamboo sieve; tightly woven basket; lid
* 拼音mì。车篷带
belt of the canvas top on vehicles
* 拼音gāo。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 结合，订立。 ～交。～约。～姻。～盟。 * 创立。 ～构。～造。～结。 * 禁止，约束。 取～
tie, join, connect; connection
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经注解》: 如得鱼兔而忘筌～此如来示人之深意也
(translated) Represents the idiom "like obtaining fish and rabbit and forgetting the fish trap," referring to the profound meaning shown by the Buddha
* 古书上说的一种草
(translated) A type of grass mentioned in ancient books
* 同"蓘"
(translated) same as "蓘"
* 读音gầy 义未详
(translated) Pronounced as gầy; meaning unknown
* 同"𧝏"
(translated) Same as "𧝏"
* "覭" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogy-simplified form of "覭"
* 言逆
(Cant.) to argue, debate
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"訑"
(translated) Same as "訑"
* 同"訑"
(translated) same as 訑
* 同"詑"。 * 拼音tā[～ 人]互相欺骗； 互相欺负。古方言
(translated) same as "詑"; mutually deceive, mutually bully (ancient dialect, used in "[～ 人]")
* 欺詐，奸滑。 ～稱。～道。～詐。～辯（➊無理強辯；➋邏輯學上指似是而非的論證，如"～～論"）。 * 怪異，出乎尋常。 ～異。～怪。～祕（隱祕難測）。～譎。 * 責成。 ～求（責求，索討，如"～～無已"）。 * 違反。 言行相～
deceive, cheat, defraud; sly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"誇"
(translated) same as "誇"
* 同"𧨘"
(translated) Same as "𧨘"
* 同"䜌"
(translated) Same as "䜌"
ēi:* 嘆詞，表示招呼。 ～，你快看！ éi:* 嘆詞，表示詫異。 ～，怎麼回事！ ěi:* 嘆詞，表示不以為然。 ～，你這話可不對呀！ èi:* 嘆詞，表示應聲或同意。 ～，我這就來！ xī:* 嘆詞，表示可惡、失意而嘆惜。 * 強笑
an exclamation of confirmation
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
shuō:* 讲述。 * 解释。如：说明；说理；解说。 * 评议；谈论。 * 道理；学说。 * 告诉。 * 劝告；责备。 * 说合，介绍。如：说亲；说媒。 * 以为。 * 古代墨家逻辑的名词，指推理。 * 古文体之一。晋陸機 * 周代的祭祀名。 shuì:* 劝说别人，使之听从自己的意见。如：游说；说士；说客。 * 通"税"。休憩；止息。 yuè:* 同"悦"。➊高兴；喜悦。 * 姓。 tuō:* 通"脱"。解脱；脱下
speak, say, talk; scold, upbraid
shuō:* 讲述。 * 解释。如：说明；说理；解说。 * 评议；谈论。 * 道理；学说。 * 告诉。 * 劝告；责备。 * 说合，介绍。如：说亲；说媒。 * 以为。 * 古代墨家逻辑的名词，指推理。 * 古文体之一。晋陸機 * 周代的祭祀名。 shuì:* 劝说别人，使之听从自己的意见。如：游说；说士；说客。 * 通"税"。休憩；止息。 yuè:* 同"悦"。➊高兴；喜悦。 * 姓。 tuō:* 通"脱"。解脱；脱下
speak, say, talk; scold, upbraid
* 拼音tū。[诋～] 狡猾
cunning; crafty; sly; sily; artful
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音gyoz[～]多谢
(translated) Pronounced "gyoz"; meaning "thank you"
* 见"诽"
slander, vilify, condemn
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"谆"
patient, earnest; earnestly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jī。语相戏
joke; pleasantry, wild talk; a lie
* 同"谍"
(translated) Same as "谍"
* 拼音xǐ 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names; Chinese given name character
* 同"毁"。诋毁， 诽谤
(same as U+6BC0 毀) to slander; to defame
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 人名用字。 柳～
(translated) Used in personal names, for example, Willow ~
* 拼音yīn。 * 豆豉。 * 豆名
fermented beans; salted beans
* 同"䜾"
(translated) Same as "䜾"
* 同"𩄵"
(translated) Same as "𩄵"
dì:* 古同"递"。 tí:* 姓
(translated) archaic form of "递"; surname
* 同"塔"
(translated) same as tower
* "𪙞" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音chǎn 小孩儿长牙。吴语
(translated) analogical simplified form of "𪙞"; baby teething (Wu dialect)
* 同"𠆗"
(translated) Same as "𠆗"
* 我( 人称代词)
(translated) I (personal pronoun)
* 话多："然而口舌之均，～唯则节。"
(translated) talkative
* 读音cay 热(辣的)
(translated) Pronounced "cay"; hot (spicy)
* 拼音gùn。土貌
muddy
* 《诸阿闍梨眞言密教部类总録》: 影一桢珍和上寄～景金属智惠
(translated) Image framed and precious, sent by a revered monk, referring to the scenery of metal wisdom
* 米仓，亦指储藏的米。 仓～。～生（即"廪膳生员"，中国明、清两代称由府、州、县按时发给银子和补助生活的生员）。～饩（旧指由官府供给的粮食）。 * 积聚，郁结："～于肠胃"
granary; stockpile
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"诣"。 见《 菩提资粮论》
(translated) Same as "诣"
* 拼音páng。[～惶] 恐惧
fear; dread; fright; scare
* 读音tuông [ 惚～]嫉妒( 恋爱)
(translated) jealousy (in love)
* 同"抁"
(translated) same as "抁"
* 古同"旒"
fringes of pearls on crowns; a pennant
* 形容水涌出。 ～流。～沱。～沛。～濞（ pì ）（ａ．形容水流相击的声音；ｂ．形容雨水量多；ｃ．形容众多）
torrential; voluminous
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代人名用字。 * 怀节孙、 炜。 * 元顺( 濮阳王)
(translated) Used in ancient personal names
* 古人名用字
(translated) Used in ancient personal names
* 同"碎"
(translated) Same as broken
* 拼音zú、cù。中国人名用字
(translated) Pronounced as zú, cù. Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"谵"
(translated) same as 谵, meaning delirium
* 同"篰"
(translated) Same as 篰
* 读音ghi 记录
(translated) Pronounced ghi; record
* 同"糆"
(translated) same as "糆"
* 同"䌨"
(translated) Same as "䌨"
* 俗"嗟"。《廣碑別字》 引《司隸校尉魯峻》：" 悲蓼莪之不報，痛旻天之靡嘉， 頓企有紀，能不號～。"
(translated) non-classical form of "嗟"; sigh; alas
* 同"裘"
(translated) same as fur garment; same as fur coat
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
zhí:* 同"戠"。 xiè:* 同"謝"
(translated) same as "戠"; same as "謝"
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 妄言。 * 俊言
(translated) Reckless talk; Witty remarks
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音shǎn。诱言
(translated) enticing words
* 同"鬩"
(translated) Same as "鬩"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"譱"
(translated) Same as "譱"
* 拼音xíng。[～笑] 同"形笑"， 嘲笑
(translated) Same as "形笑", to ridicule; mock
* 同"䜐"
(translated) Same as "䜐"
* 同"诉"
(translated) Same as "诉"
* 调停
(translated) mediate
* 同"𨐖"
(translated) same as "𨐖"
* 古代舉鼎器具，狀如鉤，銅制，用以提鼎兩耳。 * 比喻三公之類重臣。 * 通"弦"
device for carrying a tripod
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"凉"
(translated) same as "凉"
* 拼音xián。 * 急。 * 古地名，～ 亭，在河南密县
(translated) urgent; ancient place name, specifically "𢛆 Ting" in Mi County, Henan
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"㛳"
(translated) Same as "㛳"
* 佛经用字。 见《佛说大摩里支菩萨经》
(translated) Used in Buddhist scriptures
* 拼音lí。 * 多端。 * 思虑
(translated) manifold; consideration
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yàn。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 〔～江〕水名，在中国广西壮族自治区。亦称"漓水"。 * 同"灕"，灕的简体字。①水渗入地。②水名。 * 浇薄；浅薄。 * 同"醨"。薄酒。 * 用同"离"。背离；丧失
river in Guangxi province; water dripping
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese given name character
* 读音giá 。 * [～册] 书架。 * 无价值的
(translated) bookshelf; bookrack; worthless; valueless
* 粤语fàu
(translated) Cantonese fàu
* 同"𧗿"
(translated) same as "𧗿"
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"读"（日本汉字）
read, study; pronounce
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"詂"
(translated) Same as "詂"
* 金文隶定字， 同"讅"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》513 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第4533器銘文中
(translated) Liding form of bronze script, same as 讅; Original form in bronze script
* 拼音tài。[太(bǐng) 即"泰丙"， 人名
(translated) Tai (bǐng), i.e., "Tai Bing" (personal name)
* 拼音sǎ。辣味
(translated) Spicy flavor
* 拼音kāi。器名
implement; tool; instrument; utensil
* 有色金属冶炼过程中生产出的各种金属硫化物的互熔体
(translated) Matte, an inter-fusional mixture of various metal sulfides produced during non-ferrous metallurgy
* 面容，脸色，脸面。 容～。开～。～面。～色。笑逐～开。鹤发童～。 * 色彩。 ～料。五～六色。 * 姓
face, facial appearance
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->