* 拼音bàng。 * 石貌。 * 同"玤"。，像玉的石
rocky (same as 玤) fine stone which is little less valuable than jade (interchangeable 崩) to collapse; to fall
Structure 石 | HanziFinder
1407 
* 拼音zhēn。 * 石山。 * 石
rocky mountain, used in naming a place
* 上面有土的石山；一说为上面有石的土山
rocky, hilly, uneven
* 同嵬。 * 众石貌
rocky; plenty of stones and rocks (same as 磈) piles of rugged stones; lumpy and uneven rocks
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
léi:* 同"礌"。 * 撞击："骇崩浪而相～。" lěi:* 不平。 * 堆砌。 * 大石貌。 lèi:* 以木、石投物
roll
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用石头做成的圆柱形压、轧用的器具。 ～子。石～。 * 用磙子轧。 ～地
roller
* 把东西轧碎或压平的器具。 ～子。石～。汽～。 * 轧。 ～米。～坊（亦作"碾房"）
roller, crush; roll
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 石室。 * 碉堡，军事上防守用的建筑物。如：碉楼；明碉暗堡
room made of stone; watchtower
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"岩"，山石高峻。 * 僭越，超过本分
room made of stone; watchtower
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
lù:* 平凡（指人） 庸～。～～（如"忙忙～～"）。 * 繁忙。 劳～。忙～。 liù:* 〔～碡〕农具，用来轧脱谷粒或轧平场院
rough, uneven, rocky; mediocre
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
lù:* 平凡（指人） 庸～。～～（如"忙忙～～"）。 * 繁忙。 劳～。忙～。 liù:* 〔～碡〕农具，用来轧脱谷粒或轧平场院
rough, uneven, rocky; mediocre
lù:* 平凡（指人） 庸～。～～（如"忙忙～～"）。 * 繁忙。 劳～。忙～。 liù:* 〔～碡〕农具，用来轧脱谷粒或轧平场院
rough, uneven, rocky; mediocre
* 石不平貌
rugged and uneven of the rocks, small piece of stone; pebble, a fine stone resembling jade
* 拼音cù。〖碌～〗 石地不平貌
rugged land of sand and pebble; poor and barren (of land) (same as 鏃) the barb of an arrow, arrowhead; the head of a javelin
* 见"硵"
sal ammoniac; sand; pebble
* 一些矿物盐的泛称。 ～石。芒～。 * 用朴硝或芒硝加黄米面等处理毛皮，使皮板儿柔软。 ～皮子
saltpeter, niter; to tan
* 浅水中的沙石。 * [沙～]沙漠。不生草木的沙石地
sand and gravel
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 淺水中的沙石。 * [沙～]沙漠。不生草木的沙石地
sand and gravel; rocks exposed at low tide; to crush
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"沙" ～粒。～纸。～轮。翻～（铸造器物的工作）。～糖
sand; pebbles, gravel; gritty
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种非金属元素，导电能力随光的照射强度而改变，可用来制作半导体晶体管和光电管，又可供玻璃等着色用
selenium
* 拼音luǒ。[挜～] 摇
shake; to toss, to wave; to sway, to row
* shí ㄕˊ 古代宗庙里藏神主的石匣："使祝史徙主～于周庙。"
shrine
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 化学元素"硅"的旧称
silicon
* 一种非金属元素，是一种半导体材料，可用于制作半导体器件和集成电路。旧称"矽"
silicon
* 同"硁"
simple and crude (same as 硜) the sound of pebbles or stones knocking together, obstinate; determined; resolute
* 盛食物等的器具，比盘子小，扁而浅。 ～子。瓷～儿
small dish, plate
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 打，捣。 ～碎。～地基。～明火（方言，抢劫）。～饭碗（喻失业）。～锅（喻办事失败）。 * 打坏，打破。 碗～了。 * 失败。 戏演～了
smash, crush, break; pound, mash
* 同"蹠"
sole (of the foot)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
què:* 同"确"。 qiāo:* 〔～磝〕ａ．多石不平的样子；ｂ．古城名，在今中国山东省茌平县西南古黄河南岸
solid
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 象声词，形容撞击或重物落地的声音。 ～地一声，一块陨石坠落在地
sound of crashing stones, bang!
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音lóng。见䃔
sound of falling rocks
* 拼音dǒng。石头落地的响声
sound of falling rocks, fallen rocks
* 拼音hóng。 * [～䃧]。 * 石头落下的声音。 * 泛指大的声音
sound of falling rocks, loud noise, stone with strange and unique shapes
* 拼音shǐ。 * 同"䂹"。，石头落地的声音。 * 石制箭簇
sound of falling rocks, the arrowhead made of stone
* 拼音bìng。[～(pìng)] 飞声
sound of flying or speeding
* 破裂声
sound of something being smashed
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 碎石坠落的声音
sound of the falling pieces of rocks
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 波涛冲击声。 湍流～～。渹～（浪涛冲击声）澎湃
sound of water
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 石头台阶。 ～道（山上有台阶的石径）。 * 台阶或楼梯的层级
steps on ledge, cliff, or hill
* 同"寨"。➊栅栏。 * 盛饲料的器具。清范寅 * 姓
stockade, fort, military outpost; brothel
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
gāng:* （石）桥："登村度石～。" qiāng:* 坚实。 * 被坚硬的东西碰伤。 kòng:* 诚实："且德厚信～。"
stone bridge; stepping stones
wéi:* 〔～～〕形容很高的样子。 wèi:* 石磨："造治碾～。" * 同"碨"。切磨；磨碎
stone mill; grind; break apart
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
ái:* 〔～～〕形容很高的樣子。 wèi:* 石磨："造治碾～。" * 同"碨"。切磨；磨碎
stone mill; grind; break apart
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 中国古代用以治病的石针。 ～石。～针。 * 用石针扎皮肉治病，引申为刺或规劝。 ～灸。针～（喻指出人的过错，劝人改正）
stone probe; pierce; counsel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拖延，搁置。 ～欠。～账（拖延不还的账）。延～。 * 放荡，不受拘束。 流～。～逸（飘逸，洒脱）
stone quarry; cave dwelling
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* zhóu ㄓㄡˊ 〔碌～〕见"碌2"。 英语 stone roller used to level fields法语 rouleau de pierre
stone roller used to level fields
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"砣"
stone roller, weight
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"砧"
stone slab used for washing clothes; an anvil
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
jié:* 圆顶的石碑。 残碑断～。墓～。 yà:* 〔～磍〕猛兽盛怒的样子
stone tablet
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 刻上文字纪念事业、功勋或作为标记的石头。 石～。丰～。墓～。口～。～文。～碣。～刻（刻在碑上的文字或图画）。～拓（ tà ）。～帖。～林。里程～（ａ．设于道路旁边用以记载里数的标志；ｂ．喻在历史发展进程中可以作为象征或标志的大事）。有口皆～
stone tablet; gravestone
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 刻上文字纪念事业、功勋或作为标记的石头。 石～。丰～。墓～。口～。～文。～碣。～刻（刻在碑上的文字或图画）。～拓（ tà ）。～帖。～林。里程～（ａ．设于道路旁边用以记载里数的标志；ｂ．喻在历史发展进程中可以作为象征或标志的大事）。有口皆～
stone tablet; gravestone
* 坚硬成块的东西。 煤～。炉灰～子
stone tablet; monument
shí:* 构成地壳的矿物质硬块。 ～破天惊（喻文章议论新奇惊人）。 * 指石刻。 金～。 * 指古代用来治病的针。 药～。药～之言（喻规劝别人的话）。 * 中国古代乐器八音之一。 * 姓。 * 中国河北省省会石家庄市的简称。 * 中文部首。 石部 * 在秦朝和汉朝时作为质量单位使用（亦可训读为dàn）。三十斤为钧，四钧为石。一石为一百二十斤。汉代一斤大约有258.24克，一石大概为31千克。 dàn:* 中国市制容量单位，十斗为一石。（在古书中读shí，如"二千石"）
stone, rock, mineral; rad. 112
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音lüè。 * 石。 * 磨刃。 * 同"㗉"。锋利。 * 象声词。 明·陶宗仪《 辍耕录》卷二十："～ 然一声震雷拨，一十四弦喑一抹。"
stone, to sharpen a knife, sharp-pointed; sharp, vigorous; energetic; keen
* 拼音chuáng。 * 石貌。 * 《八辅》 第37区， 第69字
stones; rocks
* 拼音láo。 * 石器。 * 石名。 滑石，又名冷石
stoneware; stone implement, soap-stone, sound of the bumping rocks, (in music) a chord
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
kèn:* 石上有痕迹。 * 用同"啃" 跌了个嘴～地。 xiàn:* 石声。 gǔn:* （钟声）不响亮。 yǐn:* 〔～种〕矿物名，即"银朱"，为鲜红色粉末，有毒。可入药，又可作颜料
strike
* 〔北～〕地名，在中国重庆市
suburb
* 一种非金属元素，普通称"硫磺"或"硫黄"，可用以制火药、火柴、杀虫剂等，亦可用来治皮肤病
sulfur
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种非金属元素，普通称"硫磺"或"硫黄"，可用以制火药、火柴、杀虫剂等，亦可用来治皮肤病
sulfur
* 〔～胺〕 ➊ 有机化合物，抗菌药； ➋ "磺胺噻唑"、"磺胺脒"等磺胺类药物的总称。 * 〔硫～〕见"硫"
sulphur; brimstone
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 符合事实的，真实。 正～。～证。 * 副词，的确，确乎。 ～有其事。～系实情。 * 坚固，固定。 ～定不移。～保丰收。 * 同"埆"。土地不肥沃。 硗～
sure, certain; real, true
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 坚固；坚硬。 * 坚定；坚决。 * 准确；真实。南朝梁武帝
sure, certain; real, true
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音tēng。小水相添益貌
swept away, as by a flood; soaked, saturated; to settle, as with alum; to strain; to drain off
* 一种非金属元素，无定形的结晶体，对热和电传导不良。加入金属或合金中，可以改变性能。它的化合物有毒，可做杀菌剂
tellurium
* 拼音jié。[石～] 即龟足(鹅颈藤壶)， 甲壳类动物。附着在海中礁石上， 翠绿色，形似手指， 又有别称佛手贝(螺)
the Crustacea; a sea-anemone
* 拼音dàng。门不开
the door is closed, to knock at the door; to beat or to strike lightly
* 〔～～〕形容浅薄固执，如"鄙哉～～乎！莫已知也，斯已而已矣"。 * 敲打石头的声音
the sound of stones knocking together
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"硁"
the sound of stones knocking together
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 柱下的石礅。 ～盘
the stone base or plinth of a pillar
* 〔～磭〕大唇貌。 * 石磨
thick-lipped; a grindstone
* 用土坯烧制而成的建筑材料。 ～坯。～瓦。～砚（制成的砚）。 * 形状像砖的东西。 茶～。冰～
tile, brick
* 见"砖"
tile, brick
* 拼音zhēn。 * [～～]吃力的样子。 * 石不平。 * 磨刀石
tired; exhausted, rugged stone, coarse whetstone, to pile up rocks on the river-bank
* 拼音kū。用心。 疑同"矻"
to be careful; to exercise caution; to take care; to pay attention
* 拼音zhèng。 * 塞。 * 同"锃"。打磨
to block; to stop up, to cork; to seal; (same as U+92E5 鋥) to polish; to grind; (Cant.) to push; to burst; to stuff
qì:* 建筑时垒砖石，用泥灰粘合。 ～墙。堆～（亦喻写文章时使用大量华丽而无用的词语）。 * 台阶。 雕栏玉～。 qiè:* 〔～末〕中国元曲中称戏曲舞台上所用的简单布景和特制的器物。亦作"切末"（"末"均读轻声）
to build, pile up; stone steps, brick walk
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代分裂牲体以祭神。 * 古代一种酷刑，把肢体分裂。 ～刑。 * 汉字笔形之一，即"捺（ nà ）"
to dismember, tear apart; downward stroke slanting right
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"陨"，坠落："化人移之，王若～虚焉。"
to fall from or into
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"（饃）"
to feed an infant by hand steamed bread
* 用卵形或弧形的石块碾压或摩擦皮革、布帛等，使紧实而光亮。 ～光。～绫
to grind, to calender, to polish; to roll with a stone roller
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
tuō:* 落。 * 赭色。 * 浇。 duó:* 滴。 滴～
to let drop
* 水击岩石的声音
to make a loud sound
* 磨
to polish; to grind; to rub
* 拼音tà。用脚踏碓舂米
to pound (grain) in order to remove the husk; refine; polished (rice), to tread upon; to step upon a pestle (for husking grain)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音gòu。 * 诛伐。 * 惩罚。 * 𥕐
to punish; to chastise; to penalize, to kill; to execute, pedal ( a footboard) of a cart, brick work of a well, strong and durable, solid; firm
* 拼音jǔ。见"𥒰"
to rub; to grind; to polish; to wear
* 拼音guó。 * 破。 * 击石
to smash or to knock to pieces of the stone, broken
* 碎石
to smash rock
* 撞击："五岳鼓舞而相～。" * 古通"堆"，堆聚："垒珍珠，～白玉。" * 坠落，绳端系石使之下坠
to throw (a stone)
* 拼音zhī。行
to walk
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音ruì。磨使消
to wear out; rubbed out; to die out; to wear away; frayed
* 〔～～〕努力、勤劳的样子，如"终日～～"、"孜孜～～"
toil, slave away; busy
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～菇〕a。食用蕈（ xùn ）类，如"口蘑"、"松蘑"等，特指"口蘑"；b。借指纠缠。c。借指拖延（"菇"均读轻声）
type of edible mushroom
* [碨～]地形不平。 * 石名
uneven or rugged terrains
* 山洞；窑洞；矿坑
variant of U+6D1E 洞, cave; chamber; pit
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"磁"
variant of 磁 U+78C1, magnetic; magnetism; procelain
* [藞～] 见"藞"
weak, crude and coarse, careless; rash, bad behavior
zhuì:* 古同"缒"，拴上重物往下沉："是拯溺而～之以石也。" * 揣量物体的重量。 chuí:* 捣，敲打："第一池纸匀～之，易软少毛。" duǒ:* 石头
weight
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 磨刀石："刀刃若新发于～"
whetstone
* 磨刀石："刀刃若新发于～"
whetstone