* 同"槲"
(translated) Same as 槲
AH3oxoxs
217 
* "㪹" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音lǒu[～ 盖]用斛量米时， 用来刮平斛中高出的米的器具。闽语
(translated) Simplified form by analogy of "㪹"; A tool used for leveling off excess rice in a *hu* (ancient Chinese dry measure) when measuring rice. (Min dialect)
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Specifically used in Chinese personal names
* 金文隶定字。 人名用字。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》524頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第11338器銘文中
(translated) Standardized clerical script form of bronze script character; used as a personal name character; original bronze script form
* 金文隶定字， 同"斞"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》628 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第10365器銘文中
(translated) Standardized form of bronze inscription character, same as "斞"; Original form of bronze inscription character
* 疑为"嘂"讹字
(translated) Suspected to be a corrupted form of "嘂"
* 疑为"𣂁"讹字
(translated) Suspected to be a corrupted form of "𣂁"
* 疑同"戽"。 * 拼音hù。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be same as "戽"; used in Chinese personal names
* 疑同"冠"。 * 拼音guàn。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "冠"; Used as a Chinese personal name character
* 疑同"槲"
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "槲"
* 疑同"鄙"。 * 拼音bǐ。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "鄙"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 《厚造纸》: 叉～萨嚩怛瑟吒鉢罗南缚曰罗婆播室
(translated) Sā pó dá sè zhà bō luó nán w缚 rì luó pó bō shì with character replaced by 𭤞
* 拼音pāng。谷物装满量器直至溢出
(translated) To fill a measuring container with grain until it overflows
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音wò。用斗取物
(translated) To take things with a dou
* 读音giạ。 计量单位，1约为40 升
(translated) Unit of measurement, approximately 40 liters
* 拼音dǒu。中国人名用字
(translated) Used for Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 拼音hù。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 拼音dǒu。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音fāng。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音kuí。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音kuí 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音yíng。人名用字
(translated) Used in given names
* 地名用字
(translated) Used in place names
* 拼音hù。"～" 扬场的木。江淮官话
(translated) Wooden implement for winnowing (Jianghuai Mandarin)
tǒu:* 黄色。 tiǎo:* 方言，调换
(translated) Yellow; Dialect, to exchange
* "㪻" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogical simplified form of "㪻"
* "𰂤" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogically simplified form of "𰂤"
* "閗" 的类推简化字。 * 《八辅》 第29区， 第32字
(translated) analogously simplified form of "閗"; listed in 《Ba Fu》
* "𣂈" 的类推简化字。中国人名用字
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "𣂈"; Chinese personal name character
* 古同"斟"
(translated) ancient form of "斟"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"升"
(translated) anciently same as "升"
* 拼音dǒu。破碎的麦壳
(translated) broken wheat husk; wheat chaff
* "魁" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "魁"
* 〔寥～〕幽深
(translated) deep and secluded
* 〈方〉[日～]中午。是"日"与"斗"的合体字。"日～"即"日昼"。闽语。 * 〈方〉上午
(translated) dialect, noon (specifically Min dialect); morning (dialectal usage)
* 《妙法莲华经释文》: 云作～髮乱貌作逢非也残昨干反祝尙丘云伤也凶
(translated) disheveled hair; inauspicious; ominous and harmful
* 《天台九祖传》: 独有拔俗之志童～邈上初谨切毁齿也下亡卓切远也焉异于常
(translated) distant; remote
* 取水
(translated) draw water
* 火光
(translated) firelight
* 拼音dī。量
(translated) measure
* 拼音liè。量
(translated) measure; quantity
* 拼音xié。水名
(translated) river name
* 同"㪺"
(translated) same as "㪺"
* 拼音dǒu。[～笠] 同"斗笠"
(translated) same as "斗笠"
* 同"糾"。《奇字韻》："～， 紏或从玉。漢隷。"
(translated) same as "糾"
* 同"钭"
(translated) same as "钭"
* 同"𢫃"
(translated) same as "𢫃"
* 同"𣂆"
(translated) same as "𣂆"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𣄬"
(translated) same as "𣄬"
* 同"𬼣"
(translated) same as "𬼣"
* 同"兜"
(translated) same as pocket
* 同"蚪"
(translated) same as 蚪; tadpole
* 同"蚪"。蝌蚪
(translated) same as 蚪; tadpole
* 读音oái 尖叫，[～] 尴尬
(translated) scream, shriek; awkward, embarrassed
* 丝黄色
(translated) silk yellow;
* 读音côi 孤，孤独， 单独
(translated) single; lonely; solitary
* 拼音dǒu。衫袖
(translated) sleeve
* 楚国文字隶定字。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) standardized form of a Chu script character; used in Chinese personal names
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 同"抻"
(translated) stretch
* 疑同"哖"。 * 拼音nián。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) suspected to be same as "哖"; pinyin nián; used in Chinese given names
* 读音đong 斗量。[～] 籴米
(translated) to measure with a *dou*; to buy rice by *dou* measure
* 读音vấu 长牙，尖牙
(translated) tusk; fang
* 拼音kuí。中国人名用字
(translated) used in Chinese given names
* 读音hốc,[~ 墻]壁龛。[~ 眜]眼眶。[~ 壑]憔悴
(translated) wall niche; eye socket; haggard
* 读音khoả 清洗(双腿)
(translated) wash both legs
* 〔郭～〕古书上说的一种牛。 * （牛）无角
Acquired from 㸱 㸰: (same as 㸰,犐) hornless cattle
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
dǒu:* 中国市制容量单位（十升为一斗，十斗为一石） ～酒只鸡（经常用作招待客人的简单酒食，家常便饭）。 * 量粮食的器具。 ～筲之人（形容人器量狭小，见识短浅）。 * 形容事物之大。 ～胆。 * 形容事物之小。 ～室。 * 像斗的东西。 ～车。～笠。～篷。熨～。 * 星名，二十八宿之一，亦泛指星。 南～。气冲～牛（怒气冲天）。 * 圆形的指纹。 ～箕。～纹。 * 古同"陡"，高耸的样子。 * 〔斗拱〕（枓栱）拱是建筑上弧形承重结构，斗是垫拱的方木块，合称斗拱。 * 古同"陡"，突然。 dòu:* 对打。 ～殴。战～。 * 比赛胜负，争胜。 ～力。～劲。～智。～志昂扬。 * 使动物之间互争高下。 ～牛。～蟋蟀。 * 拼合，对准，凑近。 ～眼。 * 古同"逗"，逗引
Chinese peck; liquid measure
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～师〕北斗星。 * 汤匙
Polaris, the north star
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"斗"。 * 拼音dǒu。 * 量器
Semantic variant of 斗: Chinese peck; liquid measure
* 拼音hú。大箱
a big chest, a big basket for holding rice
* 同"犐"
a fine breed of cattle (cow, bull or ox), hornless cattle
* 拼音juàn。 * 酒舀子。 * 舀
a kind of utensil used to ladle out wine, a container that gives a measurement of rice
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"斝"
a small cup of stone with ears, used in ancient times for libations
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔石～〕一种草本植物，茎入药
a small orchid-like plant it bears white flowers a dendrobium
* 中国古代容器，也是容量单位："丝三邸，漆三～。"
a stack of grain; a measure of 16 dou3
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xié。 * 茅穗。 * 似青蒿的一种植物
a white colored cluster grown at the tip of cogongrass, a kind of plants of the mugwort or artemisia family, an ear of grain
* 斗。酌酒器。 * 姓
a wine flagon
* 斗。酌酒器。 * 姓
a wine flagon
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～栱〕同"斗拱"
capital
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 为首的，居第一位的。 ～首。～星（ａ．北斗星中第一星，又第一星至第四星的总称；ｂ．中国神话中所说的主宰文章兴衰的神）。～元。罪～祸首。夺～。 * 高大。 身～力壮。～梧。～伟
chief; leader; best; monstrous
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 估计，猜想。 ～想。预～。 * 可供制造其他东西的物质。 材～。～子。备～。 * 喂牲口用的谷物。 草～。 * 一种熔点较低的玻璃，用来制造器皿或工艺品。 ～器。 * 烹调时的调味品。 调～。 * 整理，处理。 ～理。 * 量词，用于中药配制丸药，处方剂量的全份。 配一～药
consider, conjecture; materials, ingredients
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 估计，猜想。 ～想。预～。 * 可供制造其他东西的物质。 材～。～子。备～。 * 喂牲口用的谷物。 草～。 * 一种熔点较低的玻璃，用来制造器皿或工艺品。 ～器。 * 烹调时的调味品。 调～。 * 整理，处理。 ～理。 * 量词，用于中药配制丸药，处方剂量的全份。 配一～药
consider, conjecture; materials, ingredients
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 中国旧量器名，亦是容量单位，一斛本为十斗，后来改为五斗
dry measure equal to some five or ten dou (U+6597 舒)
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代指量物取其容量单位的一半
half of a unit of measurement used in ancient times
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 古代量粮食时刮平斗斛的用具："今人持方木尺平量斗斛曰斗～。" * 古通"校"，校正
measure
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音dǒu。山名
name of a mountain
* 拼音tǒu。[～乡] 地名
name of a place in ancient times
* 拼音kē。竹名
name of a variety of bamboo
* kē ㄎㄜ 义未详。 英语 place name
place name
wò:* 杓柄；瓢把。 * 旋转；运转。 * 姓。 guǎn:* 车毂孔外围金属包裹的圆管状部分。 * 主管
revolve, rotate, turn
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 动植物的分类单位。 狮子属于猫～。槐树是豆～。 * 机关内部组织的划分。 ～室。财务～。 * 学术或专业的类别。 ～目。学～。文～。外～。 * 古代分科考选文武官吏后备人员的制度。 ～举。～甲。～第。登～。 * 判定（刑罚） ～处（ chù ）。～罚。 * 古典戏剧本中指示角色表演动作时的用语。 笑～。～白。 * 古同"棵"
section, department, science
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 不正，跟平面或直线既不平行也不垂直的。 ～坡。～面。～度。～线。～视
slanting, sloping, inclined
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"陡"
sloping, steep; suddenly, abruptly
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->