* 同"纲"
Semantic variant of 綱: heavy rope, hawser; main points
Structure 𣎴 | HanziFinder
9778 
𣎴 * 同"本"
Semantic variant of 本: root, origin, source; basis
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 量词，一个房架称一榀
(translated) Classifier for roof frames
* 同"本"
(translated) same as "本";
mī:* 眼皮微微合拢。 ～缝双目。笑～了眼。 * 小睡。 ～一会儿。 mí:* 尘土入眼，不能睁开看东西。 让沙子～了眼睛
be blinded
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"眯"
(translated) same as "squint"
* 秸秆。 * 禾名
(translated) straw; type of cereal
* 拼音jié。草名
(translated) Name of a grass
* 同"稽"
(translated) Same as 稽
* 拼音mí。网
a general term for nets
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used as a Chinese personal name character
* 同"𨜑"。 * 拼音qiào。 * 县名
(translated) same as "𨜑"; Pinyin: qiào; county name
* 同"瓞"。 * 拼音shī。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "瓞"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音tiáo。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音kān
(translated) Pinyin kān
* "十枚" 的合体字。见《 中华大字典》
(translated) Combined form of "十枚" (ten units); see "Zhonghua Da Zidian"
* "囃" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音rǎn。 * 见"𠲏"
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "囃"; see "𠲏"
* 同"哚"
(translated) same as "哚"
* 义未详（韩国字）
(translated) Meaning unknown; Korean character
* 读音ggeut。 音译字
(translated) Pronounced as ggeut; transliterated character
* 拼音tū。斥责声
tongue-tied; to lisp
* 同"喋"
Semantic variant of 喋: nag; chatter, babble, twitter
* 同"咮"。 * 拼音mù。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "咮"; Pinyin: mù; Used in Chinese personal names
* 类推拼音wǎng。 * 粤wóng
(translated) Pinyin: wǎng; Cantonese: wóng
mǒ:* 涂。 涂～。～粉（喻美化或掩饰）。～黑（喻丑化）。～子（瓦工用来抹灰泥的器具。亦称"抹刀"）。 * 揩，擦。 ～拭。哭天～泪。 * 除去，勾掉，不计在内。 ～煞。 * 轻微的痕迹："林梢一～青如画"。一～余晖。 mò:* 把和好了的泥或灰涂上后弄平。 ～墙。～石灰。 * 紧靠着绕过去。 ～头。～身。 * 用手指轻按，奏弦乐指法的一种。 mā:* 擦。 ～桌子。 * 按着向下移动、除去。 ～不下脸来（碍于脸面或情面）
smear, apply, wipe off, erase
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 摸
(translated) to touch; to feel
* 〈方〉给；被，让。吴语
(translated) dialectal, meaning to give; to be given, to be made to; to allow. Used in Wu dialect
* 同"杀"
(translated) Same as "kill"
* 音未详， 水名
(translated) Pronunciation unknown; river name
* 读音ri， 韩国人名用字
(translated) Pronounced as ri; used for Korean given names
* "椲" 的类推简化字
(simplified form of 椲) a kind of wood (used as a kind of material to make basin and bowl, etc.); (same as 楎) a peg for hanging things on, a clothes-horse
bāo:* 落叶乔木，种子可提取淀粉，树皮可制栲胶。亦称"小橡树"。 fú:* 同"桴"
drumstick
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"枼"
(translated) ancient form of "枼"
* 木名。后作"柿"
persimmon
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
dǐ:* 树木的根；引申为基础。 根深～固。他的英文很有根～。 chí:* 碓衡，杵柄。 * 桃
root, base; bottom of object
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"枾（柿）"
Semantic variant of 枾: persimmon
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* "橃" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogically simplified form of "橃"
* 同"柔"
(translated) same as soft
* 架着蚕箔的横木。 * 山矾，常绿灌木或小乔木，叶互生，革质，果实可以榨油，叶烧灰可代替白矾做媒染剂，木材可做家具
Acquired from 㯢 㮳: (same as 㯢) (same as 㮳) a piece of cross-wise board used for frame on which silkworms spin
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 柱顶上支承梁的方木："雕楹玉磶，绣～云楣。" * 木耳，枯木上生的菌类植物。 * 茅栗
king-post
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"柺"
(translated) Same as "柺"
* 同"杇"
(translated) same as "杇"
* 同"桎"
(translated) Same as "桎"
* 拼音wèi。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin wèi; Used in Chinese personal names
* "檂" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogically simplified form of "檂"
tīng:* 床前几。 * 横木。 门～。 * 碓等工具的杆子或短木。 yíng:* 古同"楹"，厅堂前部的柱子。 * 古代车上插车盖柄的长木筒："轮人为盖，达常（车盖柄）围三寸，～围倍之，六寸。"
table
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代拘在罪人两手的刑具。 桎～
handcuffs, manacles, fetters
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音qǐ。俗"棨"。《四部叢刊· 三編子部·太平御覽· 卷六百四十六·刑法部十二· 斬》："難者曰今不假故不得擅殺。 躬曰漢制：假～ 㦸以當斧。議者皆屈， 上從之。"
(translated) non-classical form of "棨"; substitute for axe (斧) when used with 㦸 (ji) in Han Dynasty legal system
* 同"𣓗"
(translated) Same as "𣓗"
* 同"杘"
(translated) Same as 杘
* 读音goengq。 根蔸，树桩
(translated) root stump; tree stump
* 古书上说的一种树
(translated) A type of tree mentioned in ancient books
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese personal name character
* 同"保"。 * 拼音bǎo
(translated) Same as 保
* 读音khon, 猴子
(translated) Pronounced as khon, meaning monkey
* 同"宝"
(translated) Same as "宝"
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* "㻒" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of 㻒
* 疑同"呆"。痴呆。 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be same as "呆"; Dementia; Used for Chinese given names
* 同"困"
(translated) Same as 困
yì:* 同"藝"，种植。 zhí:* 同"执"，拘捕
skill, ability in handicraft a craft, an art, a calling; a trade; an accomplishment
* 拼音fāng。禾名
a kind of grain
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Character used in Chinese personal names
* 同"穀"
(translated) Same as "穀"
* 读音cấy 插秧，种田
(translated) to transplant rice seedlings; to farm
* 同"科"
(translated) Same as 科
* 拼音chuì。卖粮
(translated) to sell grain
* 拼音qū。人名用字
(translated) Character used in personal names
* 同"秭"
(translated) Same as 秭
* "䅳" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogical simplified form of "䅳"
* 稻花
(translated) rice flower
* 农作物收割以后的茎。 麦～。豆～。秫～
stalks of millet, corn
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"稛"："余从两处～载而归。"
to bind, as faggots of sheaves
* 同"秠"
(translated) same as "秠"
* 饼类食物。 ～～。糍～。糖～
tsamba (food in Tibet)
* 读音bả 毒饵。[～] 老鼠药
(translated) poison bait; rat poison
* 有机化合物的一类。 磺胺～
open; throw away
* 拼音mò。把米舂碎
(translated) to grind rice; to pound rice into pieces
* 穿在脚上的东西。 ～子。～套。～筒。无跟～。丝～。连裤～
socks, stockings
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音bō。 * 古代跪拜时保护膝盖的围裙。 * 古代少数民族的一种服装
(translated) apron to protect the knees during prostration in ancient times; a type of clothing of ancient ethnic minorities
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音zhū。俗"秼"。《廣碑別字》 引《魏潁川太守穆纂墓誌》
(translated) Variant form of "秼"
* "悸" 的讹字
(corrupted form of 悸) perturbed, to throb, palpitation of the heart
* 同"𠌖"
(translated) Same as "𠌖"
* 读音raemj 砍
(translated) chop; cut
* 読音nageku。 嘆也
(translated) sigh; lament
* 同"野"
open country, field; wilderness
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音lấm 泥泞，肮脏
(translated) muddy; dirty
* 恐怖
terror; horror; fear
* 疑同"樊"。 * 拼音fán。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be same as "樊"; Used in Chinese personal names
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"床"
(translated) Same as "床"
* 同"宝"
(translated) Same as "宝"
* 同"弑"
(translated) same as assassinate a superior
* 读音hang[ 矣(hở)~]低领的， 暴露的。暴露， 泄露
(translated) low-necked; exposed; reveal
* 读音giạt， 义未详
(translated) Pronunciation giạt, meaning unknown
* 同"薅"
(translated) same as 薅; to weed
* 金文隶定字， 同"播"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》434 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第2809器銘文中
(translated) Clerical script form of Jinwen, same as "播"; Original form of Jinwen
* 同"桦"（日本汉字）
a frame; a reel, spindle, spool
* 古同"蘖"（ａ．树木砍去后又长出的芽子，如"山无槎～。"ｂ．树木砍去后留下的树桩子，如"今洲上犹有陈根余～。"）
(translated) ancient form of 蘖; sprouts that grow again after a tree is cut down; tree stump left after a tree is cut down
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 烧火用的草木。 ～草。～火。～门。火～。木～。 * 烧柴祭天："～于上帝"。 * 瘦，不松软。 ～鸡。～心。 * 姓
firewood, faggots, fuel
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 梳子和篦子的总称，喻像梳齿那样密集排列着。 ～比。 * 梳头。 ～发。～沐（"沐"，洗脸）。 * 剔除："～垢爬痒"
comb; comb out; weed out, elimininate
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->