* 读音phắc [ 奄氷～]完全沉默， 一言不发
(translated) utterly silent; speechless
Structure 𣎴 | HanziFinder
9778 
* 拼音lí。恍 疑同"𢤂"
(translated) vague; indistinct; possibly variant of "𢤂"
* 哉俯敎十字符便是已陳之芻狗只自～ 焉則奈何大呵大呵
(translated) vanish; cease to exist
* 《康熙字典》（ 增订版）→"孀" 的别字，字见《 魏任城王元彝墓誌》
(translated) variant form of 孀
* 疑同"㧖"
(translated) variant of "㧖"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"李"
(translated) variant of "李"
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 同"楘"
(translated) variant of "楘"
* 疑同"粹"。 * 拼音cuì。 * 粉～
(translated) variant of "粹" (pure; refined); powdered; fine
* 同"齟"
(translated) variant of "齟"
* 《大正新脩大藏經 續經疏部》原文:" 不空加云～銘引惹。"( 米叅)的变体--- 同"糁"
(translated) variant of 米叅; same as 糁
* 同"藉"
(translated) variant of 藉
* 拼音fàn。稻名
(translated) variety of rice
* 拼音líng。[乌～] 稻名
(translated) variety of rice, e.g. Wu-ling rice
táng:* 车木。 chēng:* 古同"樘"，支柱；支撑
(translated) vehicle wood; ancient form of "樘", pillar; support
* 同"廡"
(translated) veranda
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音tú。 * 关门上锁用的立木。 * 树兜子( 做的劈柴）
(translated) vertical wood used for locking doors; tree stump (used as firewood)
* 《妙法莲华经玄賛》: 栋倾危者栋者竪～梁者横梁内异熟果受爲本如栋外増上果受
(translated) vertical; upright
* 拼音lí。小瓶
(translated) vial
* 拼音fán。乡名
(translated) village name
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 读音meiq 醋
(translated) vinegar
* 戾
(translated) violent
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
jié:* 强暴。 * 古同"揭"，担负。 zhé:* 张开（拇指、中指或食指）度量物体："等闲～手量青天，枉把虚空记寻尺。"
(translated) violent; interchangeable with "揭", meaning "to undertake"; to measure objects by spreading fingers (thumb, middle, or index finger)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音luàn。 * 粘稠、 北京官话、冀鲁官话、 晋语、西南官话。 * 粘。 冀鲁官话、中原官话。 * 依恋、 晋语
(translated) viscous (Beijing Mandarin, Ji-Lu Mandarin, Jin Chinese, Southwestern Mandarin); sticky (Ji-Lu Mandarin, Central Plains Mandarin); attached; affectionate (Jin Chinese)
* 拼音lì。探视
(translated) visit; look upon
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音wō。暖貌
(translated) warm-looking
* 温器。 * 化学元素"锇"的旧译
(translated) warmer; obsolete translation of the chemical element Osmium
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音zēng。织布机上卷经纱的横轴。 中原官话、晋语
(translated) warp beam
* 读音khoả 清洗(双腿)
(translated) wash both legs
* 读音yusuru， 淘米
(translated) wash rice
* 拼音shì。 * 淘米。 * 同"释"。见《 一切經音義卷一》
(translated) wash rice; same as "释"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xiū。废
(translated) waste
* 读音chòi [～ 櫊]瞭望塔， 岗亭
(translated) watchtower; guardhouse
* 拼音zhā。水芹， 可作蔬菜
(translated) water celery; edible vegetable
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 泄水具
(translated) water draining tool
* 水流急。 * 〔倩～〕疾速。 * 水名
(translated) water flowing rapidly; swift current; referring to "倩浰", swift; rapid; name of a river; river name
* 水名
(translated) water name
* 拼音lì。一种水草
(translated) water plant
* 拼音chèn。水石
(translated) water stone
* 读音gọn 水车
(translated) water wheel
* 同"瀑"
(translated) waterfall
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音wò。瘦弱
(translated) weak and thin
* 拼音niǔ。弱苗
(translated) weak seedling
* 拼音guǐ。古文"癸"。朱駿聲《 說文通訓定聲》："， 兵也。象形。 籒文从鏺省、矢聲。 戴氏侗曰古鼎文作～。按： 即戣字，三鋒矛也。 因為借義所專，復加戈傍。"
(translated) weapon, specifically a three-pronged spear or halberd; ancient form of "癸"
* 拼音lì。穿
(translated) wear
* 粤音yùng。 * 疲惫的
(translated) weary
* 同"楔"
(translated) wedge
* 话讲得漂亮
(translated) well-spoken
* 心所营
(translated) what the heart intends; what the mind plans
* 拼音jì。[～麦] 麦名
(translated) wheat name
* ỏn。细语， 耳语。[～] 造谣
(translated) whisper; spread rumors
* 拼音pó。白蒿
(translated) white artemisia
* 白鹞子
(translated) white harrier
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音fán。 * 白鼠。 * 瓮底虫
(translated) white rat; larva in earthenware pots
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音huān。白米
(translated) white rice
* 拼音hé。白米
(translated) white rice
* 拼音zé。白米
(translated) white rice
* 宽大："而钟，音之器也，……小者不窕，大者不～。"
(translated) wide; broad; spacious
* 野谷
(translated) wild grain
* 〔～桃〕山桃，落叶乔木，核果球形，有毛，果肉干燥，离核，可做嫁接桃树的砧木。 * 木盘
(translated) wild peach, deciduous tree, spherical hairy drupe with dry pulp and freestone; wooden plate
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 读音やなぎ 柳树
(translated) willow
* 拼音sà。[～] 风
(translated) wind
* 拼音zhēng。风起
(translated) wind rises
* 拼音lì。[～] 风声
(translated) wind sound
* 读音hèm [～]酒糟
(translated) wine dregs
* 〔酴（ tú ）～〕ａ．酒名，如"若应进者，则供春暴、秋清、～～、桑落等酒。"ｂ．花名。蔷薇科，落叶灌木，白花，羽状复叶，供观赏用
(translated) wine name; flower name: Rosaceae family, deciduous shrub, white flowers, pinnately compound leaves, for ornamental use
qiú:* 酒官。 chōu:* 滤（酒）
(translated) wine official; filter (wine)
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音fěng。扬麦， 扬场
(translated) winnow wheat; winnowing
* 拼音dié。簸
(translated) winnowing basket
* 冬桃
(translated) winter peach
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xù。冬菜
(translated) winter vegetable
* 拼音sà。枯～
(translated) withered
* 枯草："及寒，击～除田。"
(translated) withered grass
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音móu。妇女衣巾
(translated) women"s headcloth
* 斫木砧。 * 廪
(translated) wood chopping block; granary
* 拼音jí。木裂
(translated) wood split
* 读音cay。 木，树
(translated) wood; tree
* 拼音lì。木障
(translated) wooden barrier; wooden obstruction
* 读音gieg 木屐，木板拖鞋
(translated) wooden clog; wooden sandals
* 拼音zuì。木锥
(translated) wooden cone
* 木弩
(translated) wooden crossbow
jué:* 木钉。 * 古同"楬"，小木桩。 jì:* 木制车辖
(translated) wooden nail; anciently same as "楬", small wooden stake; wooden linchpin
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xiáo。搁架蚕箔的木柱
(translated) wooden pillar for silkworm rearing shelves
tán:* 架蚕箔的木柱。 * 古通"覃"，长："揽瑶木之～枝兮，望阆风之板桐。" * 古书上说的一种橉类植物。 diàn:* 屋檐。 * 门闩
(translated) wooden pillar for silkworm trays; anciently interchangeable with "覃", meaning "long"; a type of 橉 plant mentioned in ancient books; eaves; door bolt
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
bā:* 木棒。 fú:* 古同"柫"，连枷。 pèi:* 生长（枝叶）："千年老树，椵柞～枿。" bó:* 箭杪。 biē:* 梧
(translated) wooden rod; ancient form of "柫", flail; to grow (branches and leaves); arrow tip; wutong
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 粤音dak6。 * 木桩
(translated) wooden stake; stake
* 木帐："旁～从为用，垂絙重亦回。"
(translated) wooden tent
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 木楔："直以指牙，牙得则无～而固。" * 测日影的标杆。 * 门中央竖立的短木："置旃以为辕门，以葛覆质以为～。" * 古同"臬"，箭靶子的中心
(translated) wooden wedge; gnomon; short wooden post in the center of a gate; anciently same as 臬, center of a target
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 木楔。 * 木签："扶衰每籍过眉杖，食肉先寻剔齿～。" * 枓栱："～栌各落以相承，栾栱夭蟜而交结。"
(translated) wooden wedge; wooden stick; dougong
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 木制酒器
(translated) wooden wine vessel
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 啄木鳥の 意
(translated) woodpecker
* 《华严游心法界记》: 果而因成其犹世～
(translated) worldly
* 读音phím 烦恼
(translated) worry
wěi:* 古书上说的一种树木，可变曲做成盂。 huī:* 钉在墙上作挂衣物用的木橛
(translated) wěi: tree (in ancient texts) bendable to make a *yu* (vessel); huī: wooden peg nailed to wall for hanging clothes
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 读音lẹp，（cá～） 黄鲫（属鱼类）； 棱鳀（属鱼类）
(translated) yellow crucian carp; sharpfin anchovy, both fish species
* 拼音lì。黄色的丝织品
(translated) yellow silk fabric
* 拼音yì。禾终亩
(translated) yield per mu
* 大车的轭，驾车时放在牲口颈上的曲木："商旅联～"。 * 房屋或器物的隔断板。 ～扇。多宝～。 * 古代一种盛食物的器具："并心汪希馔，端坐理盘～。"
(translated) yoke of a cart; partition board; ancient food vessel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yàn:* 堆积木料设置障碍。 yà:* 古同"揠"，拔
(translated) yàn: to pile up timber to create obstacles; to barricade with wood; yà: anciently same as "揠" (yà), "to pull out"
yì:* 古同"枻"。 xiè:* 古同"枻"
(translated) yì: ancient form of 枻; xiè: ancient form of 枻
* 拼音yóu。中国人名用字
(translated) yóu (pinyin); used in Chinese personal names
yǎo:* 古书上说的一种树。 yāo:* 〔～～〕古同"夭夭"，茂盛："桃之～～。"
(translated) yǎo: a type of tree mentioned in ancient books; yāo: [~~] anciently same as "夭夭", lush or luxuriant
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->