* 同"𨜷"
(translated) Same as "𨜷"
Structure 阝 | HanziFinder
2105 
阝 * 拼音páng。古亭名。 汝南鮦阳亭。在今河南省新蔡县境
(translated) ancient name of a pavilion; specifically refers to Tongyang Pavilion of Runan, located in present-day Xincai County, Henan Province
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"郇"
(translated) same as "郇"
* 同"郎"
(translated) Same as "郎"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "𨧜" 的类推简化字
a broad hoe, a mattock
* 同"傍"
(same as 傍) beside; by the side of; near; close, sound of vehicles; wheels
* 同"隆"
(translated) Same as 隆
* 壕溝。 * 城下道
(translated) trench; road outside the city
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 佛经音译用字
(translated) A phonetic transliteration character used in Buddhist scriptures
* đòi。 * 讨， 要。 * 召唤， 呼唤
(translated) Vietnamese "đòi"; To demand, to ask for; To summon, to call
* 拼音：suì。或同"澻"。人名。《 古璽彙編·姓名私璽》：" 王。"
(translated) Same as 澻; Personal name
* 簡冊，簡牘。 * 竹簍。 * 量詞。宋蘇軾
a bamboo basket
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 楚国文字隶定字， 同"蔡"
(translated) Standardized form of Chu script character, same as "蔡"
* 拼音lí。乡名
(translated) village name
* 中国春秋时周邑名，在今河南省巩义市西南。 * 古国名，在今中国山东省潍坊市境。 * 姓
county in Shandong province
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jiàn。小土山
a small mound
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音tuǒ。毁。"隓"的讹俗字
(translated) destroy; corrupted non-classical form of "隓"
* 同"淘"
(translated) Same as "淘"
* 拼音chí。一种草
(translated) a kind of grass
* 同"薛"
(translated) same as "薛"
* 拼音zhà。 * 周代邑名。 * 姓
(translated) Town name in the Zhou Dynasty; Surname
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 地名
(translated) toponym
* 同"邮"
(translated) Same as "邮"
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 交界或靠邊的地方。 無邊無～。天～。春夏之～。 * 彼此之間。 校～互助。人～關係。 * 時候。 值此生死存亡之～。 * 當，適逢其時。 ～此盛會。 * 交接，接近。 善於交～。 * 遭遇（多指好的） 遭～。～遇。 * 中間，裏邊。 胸～。腦～
border, boundary, juncture
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"隐"
(translated) same as 隐; hidden; concealed
* 同"陲"
(translated) Same as "border"; same as "frontier"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 〔籧～〕见"籧"
coarse bamboo mat; ugly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* "荫" 的繁体
shade, shelter; protect
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"萏"
(translated) Same as "萏"
* 同"䣄"
(translated) Same as "䣄"
* shè,同"歙"。地名
(translated) Same as 歙; place name
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音chēn。地名
(translated) toponym
* 读音be， 筑堤
(translated) to build a dike
* 拼音zhàn。陷
(translated) to sink; to cave in
* 《释摩诃衍论勘注》:～ 莲华部眞言曰
(translated) Refers to mantra of lotus section
* 〔～栝（ kuò ）〕ａ．矫正竹木弯曲或使成形的器具，如"故枸木必将待～～烝矫然后直。"ｂ．（就原有的文章、著作）剪裁改写。均亦作"檃括"、"隐栝"
(translated) [yǐn kuò] a. a tool for correcting the curvature of bamboo and wood or shaping them; b. (referring to existing articles or writings) to abridge and rewrite; also written as "檃括" or "隐栝"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* "讔" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogical simplified form of "讔"
* 古地名，中国春秋时属郑，在今河南省鲁山县境。 * 姓
place in Henan province
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"䣛"
(translated) same as 䣛, meaning "walk slowly; saunter; stroll"
* 同"鄬"
name of a hillside; a slope in today"s Henan Province
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"鄬"
name of a hillside; a slope in today"s Henan Province
* 同"酃"
Semantic variant of 酃: the spirit of a being, which acts upon others spirit; divine; efficacious
* 同"隳"
(translated) Same as "隳"
* 拼音cōng。 * 韩国读音chong。 * 注： 韩国读音来自naver字典， 拼音为类推
(translated) Pinyin: cōng; Korean reading: chong. Definition: Not provided
* 均见"隐"
hide, conceal; hidden, secret
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"阳"
(translated) same as "阳"
* 〔～阁〕中国东汉阁道，故址在今陕西省略阳县西嘉陵江边。 * 古亭名，故址在今中国河南省上蔡县西南
to be exiled; delay payment for
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yǎn。商代国名， 故址在今山东省曲阜市旧城东
(interchangeable 奄) name of an ancient state, name of a country in old times
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～城〕地名，在中国山东省
Acquired from 䧣: (same as 䧣 堙) to stop up; to gag; blocked
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"廛"
(same as 廛) living space for one family in ancient times, a store; a shop (abbreviated form of 鄽)
* 同"郑"。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "郑"; Used in Chinese given names
* 拼音lì。地名
(translated) Pronounced "lì"; place name
* 偏斜
(translated) deviated; oblique
* 同"堙"
small hill, mound; bury; dam
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yóu。[叴(qiú)～] 又作"叴犹"， 古县名
(translated) ancient county name
* 同"隔"。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "隔"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"𨆤"
(translated) same as "𨆤"
* 〔～囔〕自言自语，含抱怨的意思，如"别瞎～～了"（"囔"读轻声）。 * 象声词。 喇叭～～响
sound of horn tooting
nà:* 女子人名用字及译音字。 nuó:* 〔婀～〕见"婀"。 * 〔袅～〕见"袅"。 * 〔～～〕轻柔的样子
elegant, graceful, delicate
* 〔～嬛〕神话中天帝藏书的地方
the place where the supreme stores his books; library
* 〈喃〉义为贵显
(translated) In Vietnamese, it means "noble and distinguished"
* 同"𨔾"
(translated) Same as "𨔾"
* 〔～子〕❶常绿乔木，产于热带，树干很高，核果椭圆形，果肉白色多汁，可食，亦可榨油。果壳可做各种器皿，叶可盖屋、编席、制扇等；❷这种植物的果实，简称"椰"，如"～油"，"～杯"，"～雕"，"～蓉"，"～胡"（用半个椰壳制成的胡琴）
palm tree, coconut palm
* 中国春秋时国名，故址在今山东省临沂市北。 * 姓
(translated) Name of a state in the Spring and Autumn Period in China, located north of present-day Linyi City, Shandong Province; Surname
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"郖"
(translated) same as 郖
* 粤语jyu5
(translated) Cantonese pronunciation jyu5
* 同"攢"
to hoard; to accumulate; to save; to collect
* 同"𨹜"
(translated) Same as "𨹜"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kē。屎
(translated) shit
* 拼音nà。 * 中国人名用字。 * 《八辅》 第20区， 第58字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 《八辅》 第20区， 第59字
(translated) Character No. 59 in Section 20 of 《Ba Fu》
* 同"琊"。[石] 即"琊石"。 义指在琅琊台，刻石留铭。 * 元• 王奕《玉斗山人集（ 文淵閣本）•卷一• 東行斐稿》："持歸刻石何勒燕然。"
(translated) Same as "琊"; [Stone] refers to "琊 stone", meaning inscribing stones at Langya Terrace
* 同"琅"
kind of white cornelian
* 疤。粤语
(Cant.) a scar
* 同"膀"
(translated) same as "shoulder"
* 拼音yàn。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin yàn; Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国东汉县名，在今河北省束鹿（今辛集市）东南。 * 〔～阳〕中国汉代县名，在今江西省都昌县东南。 * 姓
(translated) county name in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China, located southeast of Shulu (present-day Xinji City), Hebei province; Qiuyang (鄡陽), county name in the Han Dynasty of China, located southeast of Duchang County, Jiangxi province; surname
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音fēng。地名
(translated) Place name
* 澳门人名用字，（ 见教青局）
(translated) Character used in Macau personal names (See Education and Youth Development Bureau)
chī:* 地名。 zhì:* 山名
name of a place, name of a mountain
* 同"隁"。 * 拼音yàn。 * 古地名
(translated) Same as "隁"; ancient place name
* 古同"蟒"
Same as "蟒" (python, boa)
* 同"郦"
(translated) Same as "郦"
* 同"𢢊" "𢤡"
(translated) Same as "𢢊" "𢤡"
* 同"擿"。 见《 佛说菩萨本行经》
(translated) Same as 擿
* 拼音huò。[～～]水波相连状
(translated) linked waves; continuous waves
* 拼音kuò
(translated) pronounced as kuò
* 父親："軍書十二卷，卷卷有～名"。 * 祖父。 ～～。姥～。 * 對長輩或年長男子的敬稱。 張大～。 * 舊時對官僚、財主等的稱呼。 縣太～。少（ shào ）～。 * 對佛、神的稱呼。 佛～。財神～
father, grandfather
* 读音naq 箭
(translated) arrow;
* 拼音xiàn。 * 韩国读音han。 * 注： 韩国读音来自naver字典， 拼音为类推
(translated) Pinyin xiàn; Korean reading han
* 同"節"。见《 华英字录》。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) same as "节"; used in Chinese personal names
* 金文隶定字。 地名。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》1051頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第11042器銘文中
(translated) Clerical script form of bronze script; Place name; Original form of bronze script
* 同"鄉"
country; rural; village
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"鄂"
(standard form of 鄂) name of an ancient State which occupied the site of the present province of Hubei, short for Hubei Province
* 大土山。 山～。丘～。～谷迁变（简作"陵谷"）。 * 高大的坟墓。 ～园。～墓。～寝。 * 古同"凌"，侵犯，欺侮
hill, mound; mausoleum
* 拼音dié。佛经译音用字， 无义
(translated) Used for transliteration in Buddhist scriptures; meaningless
* 扔，投，抛。 投～。弃～。～远
throw, hurl, cast, fling
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 俗"蔭"。《可洪音義》：" 澹～：上徒甘反。 下扵禁反。"
(translated) Non-classical form of 蔭
* 《高僧传》: 之进适会稽礼拜～塔此塔亦是育王所造歳久荒芜示存基蹠达
(translated) Buddha
* 同"郐"。 * 拼音kuài。 * 周代诸侯国。 * 姓
(translated) Same as "郐"; vassal state in Zhou Dynasty; surname