* "𧩕" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogically simplified form of "𧩕"
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* "𧪪" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音àng 唠叨不休。胶辽官话
(translated) analogically simplified form of "𧪪"; pronunciation àng: to talk endlessly, to nag. Jiaoliao Mandarin
* "𧬇" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音yì[～]审查订正。 古方言、江淮官话
(translated) analogically simplified form of "𧬇"; to review and correct; used in ancient dialect and Jianghuai Mandarin
* "譟" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音zào。 * 喧哗。 江淮官话。别～ 了。 * 骂； 指责。西南官话。 不准～人， 再～就要挨打了
(translated) analogous simplified form of "譟"; noisy; clamorous. Jianghuai Mandarin; to scold; to reprimand; to criticize; to blame. Southwest Mandarin
* "誺" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogously simplified form of "誺"
* "誋" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "誋"
* "𧪞" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音gé[～ 穷]哭穷； 装穷。江淮官话。 你不要～，没人跟你借钱
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "𧪞"; pronounced "gé", to cry poverty; to pretend to be poor (in Jianghuai Mandarin, e.g., "你不要～，没人跟你借钱。" - "Don"t [𬤒], no one will lend you money.")
* "詏" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音ào。 * 诬赖， 批评人而言语不符合事实。吴语。 伊勒拉～我（ 你在诬陷我）
(translated) analogy-simplified form of "詏"; to slander, to falsely accuse. used in Wu dialect
* "誫" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogy-simplified form of "誫"
* 拼音xū。 * 诡讹。 * 大。 * 同"吁"。吁叹
(translated) corrupted; erroneous; big; large; same as "吁"; sigh; to sigh
* 〈方〉说话快。客话
(translated) dialectal, speak fast; Hakka dialect
* 同"謴"。gùn。 * 西片； 戏弄；耍弄。 西南官话、粤语。 * 安慰。 粤语。 * 骂。 吴语
(translated) same as "謴"; trick; tease; make fun of (Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese); comfort; console (Cantonese); scold; curse (Wu Chinese)
* 的类推简化字。 * 拼音huàn。 * 韩国读音hwan。 * 注： 韩国读音来自naver字典， 拼音为类推
(translated) simplified character by analogy; Pinyin huàn; Korean reading hwan
* "䜋" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "䜋"
* "譨" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "譨"
* "𧦧"的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "𧦧"
* "𧦭" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音tā[～ 人]互相欺骗； 互相欺负。古方言
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "𧦭"; pronounced tā, meaning to deceive each other; to bully each other (ancient dialect)
* 的类推简化字。 疑同"询"
(translated) simplified form by analogy; suspected to be the same as "询"
* "䛛" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音huì 买了东西转让给他人。吴语。 该件衣裳～拨给你吧
(translated) simplified form of "䛛" by analogy; to pass on bought items; Wu dialect
* "䜒" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音ào。 * 强辩； 争执。客话。 * 表示应诺。 吴语
(translated) simplified form of "䜒"; argue, dispute (Hakka dialect); express agreement (Wu dialect)
* "訞" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "訞" by analogy
* "詪" 的简体字。 * 拼音hěn。 * [～～]语
(translated) simplified form of "詪"; [～～] language
* "誁" 的类推简化字。bìng在旁助言； 随便说话。胶辽官话、 粤语
(translated) simplified form of "誁"; to assist by speaking from the side; to speak freely. Used in Jiaoliao Mandarin and Cantonese dialects
* "諓" 的简体字。 * 拼音jiàn。 * 戏谑。 * "～～"ａ．巧辩之言， 如"吾犹禽兽也， 又安知是～～者乎？"ｂ． 讲谗言的样子，如" 谗人～～。" * 轻薄的样子
(translated) simplified form of "諓"; pinyin jiàn; jesting; clever arguments; sophistry; specious words; manner of slander; frivolous; flippant
* "諫" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "諫"
* "諲" 的简体字。 * 拼音yīn。 * 敬
(translated) simplified form of "諲"; respectful
* "譞" 的简体字。 * 拼音xuān。 * 聪明。 * 多言
(translated) simplified form of "譞"; intelligent; loquacious
* "譹" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "譹" by analogy
* "讉" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音yí;tuī 欺。古方言
(translated) simplified form of "讉"; to deceive; ancient dialect usage
* "讚" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "讚" by analogy
* "𬣍" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音tuán 猜。客话
(translated) simplified form of "𬣍" by analogy; pronounced as tuán (guess); Hakka dialect
* "𰴽" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "𰴽" by analogy
* "譓" 的简体字。 * 拼音huì。 * 顺从：" 义征不～。" * 多智谋。 * 辩察
(translated) simplified form of 譓; obedient; resourceful and strategic; discern
* 古同"审"，熟悉；详知
Alternate form of 讅: know in detail
* 常绿乔木，叶长椭圆形，花黄绿色，果实球形。木材坚硬，可制器具
Oak
* 耻辱："～莫大于宫刑"。 * 辱骂。 ～骂。～病（指责，辱骂）。～谇（辱骂指斥）。～厉。～詈。～辱
abuse, scold, berate, insult
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 讥笑。 ～笑。～骂。 * 不好意思，难为情的样子。 ～～。搭～（为把尴尬局面敷衍过去而找话说）
abuse, slander; vilify; ridicule
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 抵赖，诬陷。 ～言（诬赖的话，没有根据的话，如"无耻～～"）
accuse falsely; slander, libel
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 在法庭上争辨是非曲直，打官司。 ～事。～案。～词。 * 争辨是非。 争～。聚～纷纭。 * 自责。 自～。 * 古同"颂"，颂扬
accuse; argue, dispute; litigate
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 叙述，倾吐。 告～。～苦。～愿。～衷情。倾～。 * 控告。 ～讼。控～。上～。申～。败～。撤～
accuse; sue; inform; narrate
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 不争，尽（ jǐn ）着旁人。 ～步。～位。谦～。 * 请。 ～茶。 * 许，使。 不～他来。 * 任凭。 ～他闹去。 * 被。 ～雨淋了。 * 索取一定代价，把东西给人。 出～。转（ zhuǎn ）～。 * 闪避。 ～开。当仁不～。 * 责备，谴责："二世使人～章邯"。 * 古同"攘"，侵夺
allow, permit, yield, concede
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
xǔ:* 应允，认可。 ～可。允～。特～。 * 承认其优点。 赞～。嘉～。 * 预先答应给与。 ～诺。 * 女方接受男方求亲。 ～配。～嫁。以身相～。 * 或者，可能。 也～。或～。 * 处，地方。 何～人。 * 表示约略估计的词。 几～。少～。 * 这样。 如～。 * 中国周代诸侯国名，在今河南省许昌市东。 * 姓。 hǔ:* 〔～～〕众人共同用力的声音。 * （許）
allow, permit; promise; betroth
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
ēi:* 叹词，表示招呼。 ～，你快看！ éi:* 叹词，表示诧异。 ～，怎么回事！ ěi:* 叹词，表示不以为然。 ～，你这话可不对呀！ èi:* 叹词，表示应声或同意。 ～，我这就来！ xī:* 叹词，表示可恶、失意而叹惜。 * 强笑
an exclamation of confirmation
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 秘密探察军、政及经济等方面的消息。 ～报。间（ jiào ）～。 * 古同"牒"，谱录。 * 古同"喋"，喋喋
an intelligence report; to spy; spying
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 岂，怎。 ～料。～知
an interjection used express surprise
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
”讛“的类推简化字，意为说梦话
analogical simplified form of “讛”: to talk in one’s sleep.
* 议论，评论。 ～议。～语。～改。～点。～估。～审。～述。短～。 * 判出高下。 ～比。～定。～理。～判
appraise, criticize, evaluate
* "諰" 的类推简化字
apprehensive
* 偏颇，邪僻。 ～行。～辞
argue; biased; one-sided
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* "訑" 的类推简化字
arrogant, overbearing, mean; to deceive, cheat
* 求。 ～求。～示。～假（ jiǎ ）。～命。～战。～教（ jiào ）。～愿。～君入瓮。～缨（喻请战杀敌）。 * 敬辞，用于希望对方做某事。 ～进。～坐。～安。～便。 * 延聘、邀、约人来。 ～客。～柬。邀～。 * 谒见、会见："造～诸公，不避寒暑"
ask, request; invite; please
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 惊讶，觉得奇怪。 ～谔。～异。惊～。～为奇事。 * 诳，欺骗。 甘言～语（甜言蜜语，诳骗人的话）
be surprised, be shocked
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 大。 ～命。 * 欺诈，虚妄。 怪～。～妄。 * 生育，人出生。 ～生。～辰（生日）。 * 生日。 寿～。华～。圣～节。 * 放荡。 放～
bear children, give birth; birth
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 弯曲。 诘～（同"诘屈"）。"～五指而顿之"。 * 屈服，折服："公输盘～"。 * 嘴笨："辩于心而～于口"。 * 戛然而止的样子："扣之，其声清越以长，其终～然"。 * 尽，穷："其兵不～"。 * 短缩。 * 姓
bend, stoop, crouch; to yield
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
yí:* 传给。 ～训。 * 赠与，给与："～尔多福。" dài:* 欺诈。 骨肉相～。～骗
bequeath, pass on to future generations
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "𧩙" 的类推简化字
birthday; to be born, give birth to
* 夸耀，说大话。 自～。夸～。 * 〔～～〕同"栩栩"。 * 普遍："德发扬，～万物"
boast, brag; popular, well-known
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 花言巧语。 * 显示，夸耀。 ～能。他又～上了
brag, boast; quibble
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 布置，安排。 ～立。～置（ａ．设立；ｂ．安装）。～宴。 * 筹划。 ～计。～法。 * 假使。 假～。～或。～身处地
build; establish; display
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 安宁，平静。 ～～（清静无声）。安～。静～。寂～
calm, quiet, still; cautious
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 仔细。 ～听。～视。～观。～思。 * 道理。 真～。妙～
careful, attentive
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 谴责，责备。 众人交～。 * 封建时代特指官吏降职，调往边外地方。 ～迁。～降（ jiàng ）。～戍。～居。贬～。 * 变异："庚午之日，日始有～"
charge, blame; disgrace; demote
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 欺骗，用手段诓骗。 欺～。～骗。～取。～财。～哄。尔虞我～。～语（骗人的话）。 * 假装。 ～死。～降。 * 古同"乍"，突然
cheat, defraud, swindle; trick
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 欺骗。 你不要～我。～骗
cheat, swindle, lie
* 云气。 ～～（云雾密集的样子）。云～。烟～。暮～
cloudy sky, haze; calm, peaceful
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 避忌，有顾忌不敢说或不愿说。 ～言。～匿。～饰。忌～。隐～。直言不～。～疾忌医。 * 古时称死去的皇帝或尊长的名字。 名～
conceal; shun; regard as taboo
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 乱，冲突。 内～
confusion; internal strife
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"审"。 * 规谏，劝告。 * 思念
consult carefully with, counsel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"咨"
consult, confer; communicate in
* 在一起商量事情，询问。 ～吉（商订好日子）。咨～。～访
consult, confer; select, choose
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 意见，言论。 ～论。提～。建～。 * 讨论，商量。 商～。会～。协～。～案。～决。～价。 * 评论是非，多指责备。 非～。恐招物～。 * 旧时文体的一种，用以论事说理或陈述意见。 奏～。驳～
consult, talk over, discuss
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 正直的（言论） ～议。～论。～言。～辞
counsel, advice; speak out
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 责备。 ～让。讥～。～呵
criticize, scold, blame, ridicule
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 欺诈，玩弄手段。 ～诈（奸诈）。诡～（ａ．奇异多变；ｂ．离奇古怪；ｃ．诡诈，狡诈）。狡～
cunning, crafty, sly, wily
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 求神加祸于别人，现泛指咒骂："百姓之咎怨诽谤，～君于上帝者多矣"。～咒。～骂。 * 盟誓："～无畜群公子"
curse; swear, pledge
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
lùn:* 分析判断事物的道理。 ～断。～点。～辩。～据。～者。议～。讨～。辩～。 * 分析阐明事物道理的文章、理论和言论。 理～。舆～。专～。社～。 * 学说，有系统的主张。 系统～。 * 看待。 一概而～。 * 衡量，评定。 ～罪。～功行赏。 * 按照。 ～件。～资排辈。 * 姓。 lún:* 古同"伦"，条理。 * 〔～语〕中国古书名，内容主要是记载孔子及其门人的言行。 * 古同"抡"，挑选
debate; discuss; discourse
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 欺诈，奸滑。 ～称。～道。～诈。～辩（➊无理强辩；➋逻辑学上指似是而非的论证，如"～～论"）。 * 怪异，出乎寻常。 ～异。～怪。～秘（隐秘难测）。～谲。 * 责成。 ～求（责求，索讨，如"～～无已"）。 * 违反。 言行相～
deceive, cheat, defraud; sly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
zhōu:* 〔～张〕欺诳。 * 诅咒。 chóu:* 代词；表疑问，相当于"谁"。 * 古通"筹"，忖度
deceive, cheat; hurried, bustling
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 欺骗，欺诳，蒙蔽。 ～欺。～语。～诞。～天～地
deceive, insult
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 欺骗，瞒哄。 ～语。～骗。～惑。～诞。 * 方言，谎。 说～。扯了个～
deceive, lie, delude, cheat
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 告诉，告诫。 为人父者，必能～其子。 * 帝王所发的文书命令。 ～书。～令。～谕。奉～。遗～
decree, proclaim; imperial decree
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
xiáng:* 细密，完备，与"略"相对。 ～细。～略。～情。～谈。周～。～实（详细而确实。亦作"翔实"）。语焉不～（说得不详细）。 * 清楚地知道。 内容不～。 * 说明，细说。 内～。 * 审慎。 ～平（审理案件审慎公平）。～刑（断案用刑谨慎）。 * 旧时的一种公文，下级官员对上级的报告。 上～。～文。 yáng:* 同"佯"，假装
detailed, complete, thorough
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 说明是非或争论真假。 分～（亦作"分辨"）。争～。答～。～白。～驳。～护。～解（ jiě ）。～论。～士。～证
dispute, argue, debate, discuss
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 改正，修改。 ～正。考～。校（ jiào ）～。修～。 * 约定，立（契约） ～立。～购。～约。 * 用线、铁丝、书钉把书页、纸张连在一起。 装～。 * 制定。 ～计划。 * 评议："两刃相割，利钝乃知；二论相～，是非乃见"
draw up agreement; arrange
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 校对文字。 校～。～校。～定（校对并加以考证）。 * 同"仇"。 * 同等："史高与金安上……皆～有功"。 * 售，给价。 * 应对。 ～问（辩驳问难）。 * 同"酬"，酬酢
enemy, rival, opponent
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"托"④～⑧
entrust, rely on; commission
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 错，不正确。 错～。失～。笔～。～差（ chā ）。 * 耽搁。 耽～。 * 因自己做错而使受损害。 ～国。～人子弟。 * 不是故意而有害于人。 ～伤
err, make mistake; interfere
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 错误的，不合情理的。 荒～。～论。～传（ chuán ）。～误。 * 差错。 失之毫厘，～以千里
error, exaggeration; erroneous
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 失误。 ～误（ａ．牵连入罪；ｂ．撤职，失官）。 * 欺骗。 ～乱天下，以危社稷。 * 碍，挂碍
error, mistake; deceive, mislead
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代叙述死者生平，表示哀悼（多用于上对下） 贱不～贵，幼不～长（ zhǎng ）。 * 这类哀悼死者的文章。 做～。～文
eulogize, praise the dead
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 医生为断定疾症而察看病人身体内部、外部的情况。 门～。～断。～室。～脉。 * 察看，验证："匠石觉而～其梦"
examine patient, diagnose
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 宽恕。 ～解（ jiě ）。～察。体～。见～。原～。 * 信实。 ～直（诚信正直）。 * 推想。 ～必。～已上车。 * 固执，坚持成见
excuse, forgive; guess, presume
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 把罪人杀死。 害民者～。～灭。～锄。～戮。伏～。 * 责罚。 ～意（不问罪行，只根据其用心讹定罪状）。口～笔伐。 * 责求。 ～求无已（一味索取，没有止境）
execute, kill, put to death; punish
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用通行的话解释古代语言文字或方言字义。 训～。解～。字～
exegesis, explanation; explain
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 解释。 ～解。～注。～释。～证。～言。～次（ａ．条理、层次，如"辞无～～"；ｂ．选择和编排，如"～～不精，致有差误"）。 * 事物的理。 直～（即真理）。发必中（ zhòng ）～（说出话来必定符合事理）。～有专长。博～多才。 * 分门别类的有系统的知识。 ～说。哲～。数～
explain, expound, comment on
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 说，谈。 ～话。～叙。 * 把事情和道理说出来。 ～说。～学。～武。～演。～义。～师。～坛。 * 注重某一方面，并设法使它实现。 ～求。～团结。 * 和解："而秦未与魏～也"。 * 商量，商议。 ～价儿。～条件
explain; discuss; talk
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 揭发别人的隐私或攻击别人的短处。 攻～。告～
expose other"s secrets, pry
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 惊奇，奇怪。 ～然。～异。惊～。 * 同"迓"，迎接
express surprise, be surprised
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 完结，终了。 收～。付～。 * 截止。 起～
finish; conclude, stop; exhaust
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 谄媚，奉承。 ～言。阿（ ē ）～奉承。～辞。～墓（阿谀死人）
flatter, truckle
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 奉承；獻媚：～媚。～佞。不～不驕
flatter, truckle, toady
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->