* 同"虐"
(translated) same as "虐"
Nzc370mn
321 
* 同"齔"
(translated) same as "齔"
* 同"齕"
(translated) same as "齕"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齗"
(translated) same as "齗"
yín:* 同"齗"。牙根肉。 niè:* 同"齧"。噬
(translated) same as "齗", gum root; same as "齧", bite; gnaw
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齘"
(translated) same as "齘"
* 同"齘"
(translated) same as "齘"
* 同"齜"
(translated) same as "齜"
* 同"齞"
(translated) same as "齞"
* 同"齩"。 见《 圣贺野纥哩缚大威怒王立成大神验供养念诵仪轨法品》
(translated) same as "齩"
* 同"齩"
(translated) same as "齩" which means to bite; to gnaw
* 同"齮"。 * 拼音yǐ。 * 咬
(translated) same as "齮"; pronunciation yǐ; bite
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齰"
(translated) same as "齰"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齳"
(translated) same as "齳"
* 拼音yǔn。同"齳"。老人无牙齿的样子
(translated) same as "齳"; toothless appearance of an old person
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齺"
(translated) same as "齺"；ruminate
* 同"齾"
(translated) same as "齾"
* 同"龄"
(translated) same as "龄"
* 同"𢹊"
(translated) same as "𢹊"
* 同"𥽿"
(translated) same as "𥽿"
* 同"𪗙"。 * 拼音yǎn。 * 牙齿长得不整齐
(translated) same as "𪗙"; teeth grow unevenly
* 同"𪗻"
(translated) same as "𪗻"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𪗻"
(translated) same as "𪗻"
* 同"𪘉"
(translated) same as "𪘉"
* 同"𪙉"
(translated) same as "𪙉"
* 同"𪙍"
(translated) same as "𪙍"
* 同"𪙍"
(translated) same as "𪙍"
* 同"𪙤"
(translated) same as "𪙤"
* 同"𪙫"
(translated) same as "𪙫"
* 同"掣"
(translated) same as draw; pull
* 同"齧"
(translated) same as gnaw
* 同"齼"
(translated) same as tooth disease
* 同"䶛"
(translated) same as 䶛
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"䶤"
(translated) same as 䶤
* 同"啃"
(translated) same as 啃
* 同"糳"
(translated) same as 糳
* 同"齔"
(translated) same as 齔
* 同"齜"
(translated) same as 齜, meaning to bare teeth; gnash teeth
* 同"齦"
(translated) same as 齦
* 拼音niè。同"齧"
(translated) same as 齧; gnaw
* 同"齾"
(translated) same as 齾
* 同"龃"
(translated) same as 龃; disagree; contradict; uneven
* 同"龈"
(translated) same as 龈
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 羊反刍
(translated) sheep ruminate
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音pián。并齿
(translated) Joint teeth
* 拼音hé。[～] 啃咬东西的声音
(translated) sound of gnawing
* 拼音xiá。用牙齿啃咬硬物的声音
(translated) sound of gnawing hard objects with teeth
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yuē。疑同"龌"
(translated) suspected same as 龌
* 疑同"𪘨"
(translated) suspected to be the same as "𪘨"
* 拼音míng。牙齿
(translated) teeth
* 拼音yàn。牙齿长得不整齐， 上下牙对不齐
(translated) teeth are uneven; upper and lower teeth are misaligned
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音tuó。牙齿长得不整齐
(translated) teeth grow unevenly; uneven teeth
* 牙齿咬物时上下交切的样子，喻上下相向
(translated) the appearance of teeth intercutting when biting; metaphorically referring to things facing each other vertically
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 牙齿接触酸味时的感觉："瓠犀微～远山颦。"
(translated) the sensation of sourness on teeth
* 拼音zhāi。啃咬
(translated) to gnaw
* 拼音bó。 * 啃咬硬东西。 * 啃咬东西的声音。 * bó[～㗱] 咀嚼。中原官话、 晋语
(translated) to gnaw on hard objects; the sound of gnawing; chew
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 啃咬。 * 〈方〉差误；扭伤。闽语
(translated) to gnaw; dialectal, specifically in Min dialect: mistake; sprain
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音zhí。 * 啃咬。 * 啃咬东西的声音
(translated) to gnaw; the sound of gnawing
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音háng。啃咬
(translated) to gnaw; to bite
* 读音xỉa 剔牙
(translated) to pick teeth; to clean teeth with a toothpick
* 《大唐西域记》:～ 齿
(translated) tooth
* 同"齲"
(translated) tooth decay
* 拼音shāo。齿尖
(translated) tooth tip
* 缺齿。 * 曲齿，俗称齿䶕。 * 笑而露齿貌
(translated) toothless; crooked teeth, commonly known as tooth gnawing; appearance of smiling and showing teeth
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 牙齿参差不齐
(translated) uneven teeth; irregular teeth
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齺"
Same as "齺"
* 同"𡿖"
Semantic variant of "𡿖": bite, gnaw; wear down, erode
* 同"䶞"
Semantic variant of 䶞: to gnaw; to bite
* "䶥" 的俗字
Semantic variant of 䶥: (same as 齟) unevenly-fitting teeth, irregular teeth, resplendent with variegated coloration; bright and colorful
* 同"凿"
Semantic variant of 鑿: chisel; bore, pierce
* 原指传奇中的一个段落，同杂剧中的"折"相近。今字作"出"，指戏曲中的一个独立的段落或剧目
act; stanza; time, occasion
* 见"龄"
age; years
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～齕（ hé ）〕ａ．毁坏，如"且秦复得志于天下，则～～用事者坟墓矣。"ｂ．倾轧，如"室家何抢攘，朝士亦～～。" * 咬："～嚼午忘饥。"
bite
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
niè:* 同"齧"。咬；啃。 * 同"齩（咬）"
bite, gnaw
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 咬，啃。 * 缺口。 * 侵蚀。 * 草名。蓬草的一种。 * 野菜名。苦堇。 * 姓
bite, gnaw; wear down, erode
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𦧈"
disease of tongue (said of an ox), to keep the mouth shut
* 拼音yán。 * 见"𪚃" * 拼音yàn
fine teeth, irregular teeth
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"齧"。咬
gnaw
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"龁"
gnaw, bite, nibble
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xiá。 * 曲齿。 * 缺齿
growing irregular teeth; crooked teeth, cleft tooth; sound of gnawing
* "龈" 的繁体
gums
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yín:* 〔～～〕①露齿貌。单用义同。②争辩。③忿嫉。 * 同"龈"。牙根肉。 y:* 犬争斗。 * 上腭。 yán:* 同"齴"。笑貌
gums (of the teeth); to dispute
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音zhān。[～齺] 有牙而做无牙咀嚼的样子
in the manner a toothless person chewing food
* 拼音bā。牙齿外露
irregular and prominent teeth
jǔ:* 〔齟齬〕➊上下齒不相對應。 * 咀嚼。 zhā:* 同"䶥"。牙齒不正
irregular teeth; discord
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 小孩換牙（乳齒脫落長出恆齒）。 * 年幼或年幼的人
lose baby teeth and get adult teeth
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"龆"
lose baby teeth and get adult teeth
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拘谨；谨小慎微貌。 * 见"齷齪"
narrow, small; dirty
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"龌"
narrow, small; dirty
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"腭"
palate, roof of mouth
* 突出唇外的牙齒。 ～牙
projecting teeth
* 牙齦外露
prominent gums (of the teeth)
* 拼音chà。 * 牙齿锐利。 * 泛指锋利
sharp teeth; to break something hard like a knife, sand (in food), ugly
* 同"齰"
sound of biting, (same as 齰) to chew; to gnaw
* 拼音huá。啃咬骨头的声音
sound of chewing bones
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jù。牙龈肿大
swelling of the gums ( of the teeth)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 老年人牙落后重生的细齿："眉尨齿～。" * 年寿高的人："～童相庆。"
teeth grown in old age
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 人和動物嘴裏咀嚼食物的器官（通常稱"牙"） 牙～。～腔。～髓。～齦。～冷（笑必開口，笑的時間長了，牙齒就會感到冷。因謂譏笑於人，如"令人～～"）。 * 排列像牙齒形狀的東西。 ～輪。鋸～。梳子～兒。 * 因幼馬每歲生一齒，故以齒計算牛馬的歲數，亦指人的年齡。 馬～徒增（舊時自謙年長無能）。 * 並列。 不～（不能同列或不與同列，表示鄙棄）。 * 談到，提及。 ～及。不足～數。 * 觸。 ～劍（觸劍受刀，指被殺或自刎）
teeth; gears, cogs; age; KangXi radical 211
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 城墙的边缘
the edge of a city wall
* 拼音gǔ。治象牙使白
the process to whiten the ivory or elephant tusk; sound of gnawing
* 拼音lì。咀嚼声
the sound of chewing something dry and hard, sound of gnawing or biting