中

PUqXqMtU

844 PUqXqMtU
601 苛 U+82DB hē kē hé

kē:* 过于严厉。 ～刻。～毒。～求。～责。～待。 * 繁重，使人难以忍受。 ～重（ zhòng ）。～捐杂税。 * 腐蚀性。 ～性（如氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠等能腐蚀皮肤及纤维之类的化学性质）。～性钠（烧碱）。 hē:* 古同"诃"，谴责，责问

small, petty; harsh, rigorous

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_E2FF31_E300
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E40D51_E40E51_E40F51_E41051_E41151_E41251_E41351_E41651_E41751_E41851_E41951_E41A51_E41B51_E41C51_E41D51_E41E51_E42051_E42151_E42251_E42351_E42451_E42651_E42751_E42851_E42951_E42A51_E42D51_E42C51_E43151_E43055_E3EA
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E063
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_82DB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E06391_E40091_E40191_E40291_E40591_E40391_E404
602 歌 U+6B4C gē

* 唱。 ～唱。～咏。～颂。～坛。～台舞榭。～舞。能～善舞。 * 能唱的文词。 唱～。～谱。～词。～诀。民～。诗～。～行（ xíng ）（旧诗的一种体裁，音节、格律比较自由）。诗言志，～咏言

song, lyrics; sing, chant; praise

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E484
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_EE6855_EE6955_EE6B55_EE6A
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E9BE71_E9BD71_E9BF
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6B4C27_E735
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E9BE71_E9BD71_E9BF93_E32193_E32293_E32393_E32493_E325
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F2B883_F2B9
603 竚 U+7ADA zhù

* 同"伫"

stand and wait for long time

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4F47
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_ED98
604 㚡 U+36A1 jǐ

* 站立不正

standing without a straight back

605 停 U+505C tíng

* 止住，中止不动。 ～止。～产。～学。～职。～顿。～刊。～战。～业。～滞。 * 总数分成几份，其中的一份。 十～儿有九～儿是好的。 * 暂时不继续前进。 ～留。～泊。 * 妥当。 ～妥。～当

stop, suspend, delay; suitable

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_505C
606 貯 U+8CAF zhǔ zhù

* 见"贮"

store, stockpile, hoard

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_ECCE42_ECCF42_ECD042_ECD142_ECD242_ECD342_ECD442_ECD542_ECD642_ECD742_ECD842_ECD942_ECDA
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_ED1232_ED1132_ED1332_ED1532_ED1932_ED1832_ED1432_ED1732_ED2032_ED1B32_ED1A32_ED1E32_ED1D32_ED1C32_ED1632_ED1F32_ED2132_ED2232_ED2332_ED2432_ED2632_ED2732_ED2532_ED28
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8CAF
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F7A382_F7A482_F7A5
607 奇 U+5947 jī qí

qí:* 特殊的，稀罕，不常见的。 ～闻。～迹。～志。～观。～妙。～巧。～耻大辱。 * 出人意料的，令人不测的。 ～兵。～计。～袭。出～制胜。 * 惊异，引以为奇。 ～怪。惊～。不足为～。 jī:* 数目不成双的，与"偶"相对。 ～数（不能被二整除的数，如一、三、五、七、九等，正的奇数亦称"单数"）。 * 零数。 ～零（不满整数的数）。～羡（赢余，积存的财物）。有～（如"八分～～"即八分多一点）

strange, unusual, uncanny, occult

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_E165
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E4D471_E4D5
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5947
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E4D471_E4D592_E22A92_E22B92_E22C92_E22D92_E22E92_E23292_E23192_E22F92_E230
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_EC2482_EC2582_EC2682_EC2782_EC28
608 打 U+6253 dǎ dá

dǎ:* 击，敲，攻击。 ～击。殴～。～杀。 * 放出，发出，注入，扎入。 ～炮。～雷。～信号。～电报。 * 做，造。 ～首饰。～家具。 * 拨动。 ～算盘。 * 揭，破，凿开。 ～破。～井。 * 举，提起。 ～灯笼。～起精神。 * 涂抹，印，画。 ～蜡。～戳子。 * 写出，开出。 ～证明。 * 捆，扎。 ～包裹。 * 合，结合。 ～伙。～成一片。 * 获取，购取。 ～水。～鱼。 * 除去。 ～消。～杈。 * 定出，计算。 ～算。～腹稿。 * 用，采用，使用。 ～比喻。 * 玩，玩耍。 ～球。 * 截，停，减，退。 ～住。～价儿。 * 表示人体发出某种行为动作。 ～手势。 * 进行某种活动，从事或担任某种工作。 ～交道。～短工。 * 与某些动词结合，基本上保留原动词词义。 ～扫。～扰。 * 自，从。 ～哪儿来？ dá:* 量词，指十二个。 一～铅笔

strike, hit, beat; fight; attack

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6253
609 䭲 U+4B72 yǐ nǐ

* 拼音yǐ。[～馜] 香

sweet-smelling; fragrant, tasty; delicious

610 䯊 U+4BCA qià

* 同髂 * 骨鯁在喉

the pelvis, bone stuck in the throat, the kneecap; patella; the five lowest pieces of bone of the spinal column

611 㟢 U+37E2 qí

* 〔嶔㟢〕山石怪异貌。也喻品格特异，不同于众。清龔鼎孳

the rocks on the hills are of different shapes; rugged and weird, character different from others

612 踦 U+8E26 yǐ qī jī jǐ

* 脚："其狱一～腓一～屦而当死。" * 跛："其跳者～也。"

the shin; to pierce; to touch

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8E26
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EBC9
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E9F483_E9F583_E9F683_E9F783_E9F8
613 䶗 U+4D97 qiè kè qiǎ

qiā:* 啃咬。 qiǎ:* 骨屑夾在齒縫中。 kè:* 齒貌。 * 同"嗑"

to bite; use all the strength to bite; to gnaw, bones squeeze between teeth (could not be picked out)

614 朾 U+673E chéng tíng tīng

chéng:* 〔～螘〕大赤蚁。亦作"虰螘"。 * 撞击："三度征兵马，傍道～腾腾。" chēng:* 春秋时宋国地名，在今中国河南省淮阳县西北。 zhēng:* 伐木声

to bump

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_673E
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_EE7E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F4B6
615 靪 U+976A dīng

* 补鞋底。亦指衣袜上的补缀处。 * 马鞍两侧的踏脚镫，亦作"镫"

to cobble, to patch

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_976A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F42F
616 徛 U+5F9B qì

* 石桥，放在水中用来渡水的石头。 * 站立

to cross over

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_EB14
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5F9B
617 㱦 U+3C66 è guì jǐ qī

* 拼音qī。 * 弃。 * [大～] 死亡

to discard, to abandon, to die; death

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E382
618 䐀 U+4400 jì

* 拼音jì。 * 肢解牲口的躯体。 * 䑎

to dismember body of the livestock

619 屙 U+5C59 ē

* 排泄大小便。 ～尿。～屎。～痢

to ease nature

620 㤖 U+3916 zhù

* 拼音zhù。智慧。 字形参见"㝉" 之注

to have wisdom; intelligent

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E98584_E986
621 㰤 U+3C24 hē qiè

* 同"呵"。 * 张口息。 * 张口大笑。 * 权卧

to laugh heartily; to roar with laughter, to breath

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F2F2
622 㗿 U+35FF hé xià xiā

hé:* 同"㰤"。大笑。 xià:* [詬～]怒責；斥責。 xiā:* [谽～]同"谽谺"

to laugh loudly, to blame; to reprimand, entrance to a cave or to a gorge

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E949
623 䁎 U+404E chéng

* 拼音chéng。审视貌

to make a close inspection, secretion of the eye, (same as 瞠) to look straight at; to stare at

624 敧 U+6567 qī yǐ jī

jī:* 持箸取物。 qī:* 〔㪁敧〕多少不齐貌。 * 倾斜不正。唐白居易 * 依；倚。唐劉禹錫 * 不平

to pick up thing with chopsticks or pincers

625 㪼 U+3ABC kě

* 拼音kě。[～] 掣

to pull; to dray; to hinder; to santch away

626 㢊 U+388A ǎi

* 拼音ǎi。倚坐

to set side by side, to hide; to conceal, to store

627 㪃 U+3A83 kè kě

* 击

to thump; to beat; to strike; to attack

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E00D
628 㣔 U+38D4 dīng

* 拼音dīng。[彾～] 独自行走

to walk alone, to insist on one"s ways in doing things

629 䟓 U+47D3 chēng zhēng dīng

* 拼音chēng。 * [跉～]。 * 行貌。 * 偏行

to walk slowly, lame; crippled, long and thin legs, to walk alone, to insist on one"s ways in doing things

630 𩠑 U+29811 dǐng

* 同"顶"

top, head, summit

631 頂 U+9802 dǐng

* 见"顶"

top, peak; carry on head; very

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_F407
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_980227_E75827_E759
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F36483_F36583_F36683_F36783_F36883_F36983_F36A83_F36B83_F36C83_F36D
632 顶 U+9876 dǐng

* 最高的，最上的及最高最上的部分。 ～点。头～。山～。～巅。～尖。 * 用头支承。 ～承。～天立地。 * 支撑，抵住。 ～礼（佛教徒最尊敬的跪拜礼节，两手伏地，以头抵住受拜人的脚）。～门立户。 * 从下面拱起。 种子发芽把土～起来了。 * 最，极。 ～好。～多。～大。 * 相对着。 ～风。～头。 * 相当，等于。 一个～俩。 * 担当。 ～班。不～事。 * 代替。 ～罪。冒名～替。 * 争辩，冲撞。 ～嘴。 * 量词，用于某些有顶的东西。 两～帽子。 * 到（某个时间） 昨天～十二点才到家

top, summit, peak; to carry on the head

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_F407
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_980227_E75827_E759
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F36483_F36583_F36683_F36783_F36883_F36983_F36A83_F36B83_F36C83_F36D
633 楟 U+695F tíng

* 山梨

tree

634 㿾 U+3FFE zhù

* 同"𧈚"

vessel; container

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_F0AB
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_ED27
635 佇 U+4F47 zhù

* 久立。如："佇立"。 * 等待。唐·杜甫 * 積聚

wait; look towards; turn one"s back on

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4F47
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_F7C7
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_ED98
636 㣷 U+38F7 nìng

* 拼音nìng。[～～]行貌

walking

637 㾨 U+3FA8 qǐ yǐ

* 拼音yī。身急弱病

weak; feeble, to mourn, ulcer; cancer; carbuncle, short

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F09B
638 儜 U+511C níng

* 怯懦；软弱的人。 * 旧同"您"（多见于早期白话）

weak; wearied; in distress

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EDE4
639 𬻣 U+2CEE3

* 穿（衣服）

wear (clothes)

640 何 U+4F55 hé hē hè

hé:* 疑问代词（ａ．什么，如"～人？"ｂ．为什么，如"～必如此？"ｃ．哪样，怎样，如"～不？" "～如？"ｄ．哪里，如"～往？"ｅ．发表反问，如"～乐而不为？"）。 * 副词，多么。 ～其壮哉！ * 姓。 hē:* 古同"呵"，谴责。 hè:* 古同"荷"，担

what, why, where, which, how

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_E3DD42_E3DE42_E3DF42_E3E042_E3E142_E3E242_E3E342_E3E442_E3E542_E3E642_E3E742_E3E842_E3E942_E3EA42_E3EB42_E3EC42_E3ED42_E3EE42_E3EF42_E3F042_E3F142_E3F242_E3F342_E3F442_E3F542_E3F642_E3F742_E3F842_E3F942_E3FA42_E3FB42_E3FC42_E3FD42_E3FE42_E3FF42_E40042_E40142_E40242_E40342_E40442_E40542_E40642_E40742_E40842_E40942_E40A42_E40B42_E40C42_E40D
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_ED0834_ED9234_F46634_F46732_F7B932_F7B834_EC8934_F20832_F7BA34_ED0734_F5C934_ED0934_ED0A
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_F390
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4F55
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_F5EC92_F5ED92_F5EE92_F5EF92_F5F092_F5F192_F5F492_F5F592_F5F692_F5F292_F5F3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EBB883_EBB983_EBBA83_EBBB83_EBBC83_EBBD83_EBBE83_EBBF83_EBC0