* 拼音yù。怒视
(Cant.) to fix one"s eyes on, gaze at
QS9UJ5ES
85 
* 同"扏"。 * 拼音qiú
(ancient form of 扏) slow; gradual; tardy; leisurely, to delay; to put off; to defer
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
hǒu:* 同"吼"。 hòu:* 通"詬"
(interchangeable 吼) to roar of animals, angry tones, (interchangeable 詬) a sense of shame; to shame, to vomit
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音zhī。木盛
(of trees) luxuriant; exuberant; lush
* 鱯
(translated) *Leiocassis crassilabris* (Chinese sucker catfish)
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 韩国古籍用字
(translated) A character used in Korean ancient texts
* "銗" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogical simplified form of "銗"
* 拼音hòu。[鸮～] 鲢鱼的别名
(translated) Another name for silver carp; in [鸮𪃫]
* 地名用字。如陕西省宝鸡市岐山县有𫝴峪村
(translated) Character used for place names
* 人名用字。 申～
(translated) Character used in personal names; Shen～
* 汉字部件， 如"后卮巵" 的左上部
(translated) Chinese character component, such as the top-left part of "后", "卮", "巵"
* 古代储钱或接受告密信件的器具。口小，可入而不可出，用瓦或竹制成
(translated) In ancient times, a device for storing coins; a receptacle for receiving confidential letters or secret messages. It has a small opening, allowing things to be put in but not taken out, and was made of earthenware or bamboo
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 金文隶定字， 同"㖃"。 人名用字。字见《 殷周金文集成引得》970頁
(translated) Li-script form of bronze inscription character; same as "㖃"; for personal names
* 拼音pò。义未详。 疑为"破" 讹字
(translated) Meaning unknown; suspected to be a corrupted form of "破"
* 拼音zhāi
(translated) Pinyin: zhāi
* 读音haeu 臭
(translated) Pronounced "haeu"; smelly
* 读音cáu 义未详
(translated) Pronounced as cáu; meaning unknown
* 读音후 一邊始～邊始璋邊始圭邊始春邊始燁金必浩金
(translated) Related to beginnings, such as jade tablet 璋, jade tablet 圭, spring (season), and radiance 燁
* 同"狗"
(translated) Same as "dog"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"䝈"
(translated) Same as "䝈"
* 同"侂"
(translated) Same as "侂"
* 同"歐（嘔）"。呕吐
(translated) Same as "嘔"; vomit
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"斤"
(translated) Same as "斤"
* 拼音shuàn 同"槫"。 古代酒器
(translated) Same as "槫"; ancient wine vessel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"蚼"。 * 拼音qú。 * 大蚂蚁
(translated) Same as "蚼"; Large ant
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𢖖"。读音sau 之后，以后， 后来
(translated) Same as "𢖖"; pronounced "sau"; afterwards; later; subsequently
* 同"𢫷"
(translated) Same as "𢫷"
* 同"𦓝"
(translated) same as "𦓝"
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𩘋"
(translated) Same as "𩘋"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𩵡"
(translated) Same as "𩵡"
* 同"垢"
(translated) Same as dirt
* 同"虎"
(translated) Same as tiger
* 同"厄"
(translated) Same as 厄
* 同"若"
(translated) Same as 若
* 〔勏～〕见"勏"
(translated) See "勏", as in "勏劶"
* 〔薢～〕见"薢"
(translated) See "薢"; as in "薢茩"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 疑同"戽"。 * 拼音hù。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be same as "戽"; used in Chinese personal names
* 疑同"滬"。中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "滬"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音hòu。疑同"袥"
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "袥"
* 读音후 人名用字。申～
(translated) Used for personal names; pronounced hū
* 拼音zhī。中国人名用字。 或俗"卮"
(translated) Used in Chinese given names; Or non-classical form of "卮"
* 同"𪃱"
(translated) Variant form of "𪃱"
* 拼音ǒu。一种鹿
(translated) a kind of deer
* "𡭐" 的俗称。见台湾教育部《 异体字字典》
(translated) common name of "𡭐"
* "循" 的讹字，
(translated) corrupted form of "循"
* "祝" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "祝"
* "軛" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "軛"
* 读音cau， 易怒
(translated) easily angered; irascible
hóu:* 〔鏂～〕见"鏂"。 xiàng:* 古同"缿"，古代一种接受告密文书或储蓄钱币用的器具，腹大口窄，东西放进去不易从入口处取出："投～购告言奸。"
(translated) hóu: see "鏂"; xiàng: ancient form of "缿", an ancient container for secret documents or coins with a narrow opening
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音hòu。 * [～麟] 古代新疆于阗一带对金翅鸟的称呼。 * 中国人名用字。 拼音hòu
(translated) in [～麟], an ancient term for golden-winged bird in Hotan area, Xinjiang; used in Chinese given names
* 拼音wā。[諣～] 惰
(translated) lazy; in [諣𧧊]
* 拼音hòu
(translated) pronounced as hòu
* 〔～鱼〕即"鳠"
(translated) refers to "[鲘鱼]", which is also known as "[鳠]";
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"哿"
(translated) same as "哿"
shēng:* 同"声" 乐音; 声音; 鸣，发声; 形声字的声旁; 声调，音的高低升降; 言，言语; 张扬; 音讯；消息; 名，名誉, 声誉, 声望; 声势 如：先声夺人; 量词 表示声音发出次数的单位; 发语词 义同"噫" shèng:* 通"圣"(sheng4) 无所不通; 姓
(translated) same as "声"; musical sound; sound; to chirp, to vocalize; phonetic component of phono-semantic characters; tone, pitch, rise and fall of sound; speech; words; to publicize; news; information; name; reputation; fame; prestige; momentum, e.g., to seize the initiative; measure word for times of sound emitted; interjection, same as "噫"; interchangeable with "圣" (shèng) meaning omniscient; surname
* 拼音shí。同"石"
(translated) same as "石"
* 同"递"
(translated) same as "递"
* 同"𡢐"
(translated) same as "𡢐"
* 同"𦓝"
(translated) same as "𦓝"
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𪃱"
(translated) same as "𪃱"
* huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ 同"茩"
(translated) same as 茩
* 拼音zhuǎn。小盛酒器
(translated) small wine vessel
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 沾湿
(translated) to wet
* 拼音hóu。山谷名， 在今河南省荥阳县
(translated) valley name, located in present-day Xingyang County, Henan Province
* 拼音zhī。车器
(translated) vehicle implement; vehicle part
* 读音sẽ 将来，将要
(translated) will; going to; about to
* 《八辅》 第41区， 第62字
(translated) 《Ba Fu》, Section 41, Character No. 62
* 同"㛂"
Semantic variant of 㛂: weak and small
* 拼音zhī。五尺高的猪
a large, very strong pig (five hands in height)
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 恥辱："～莫大於宮刑"。 * 辱罵。 ～罵。～病（指責，辱罵）。～誶（辱罵指斥）。～厲。～詈。～辱
abuse, scold, berate, insult
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 耻辱："～莫大于宫刑"。 * 辱骂。 ～骂。～病（指责，辱骂）。～谇（辱骂指斥）。～厉。～詈。～辱
abuse, scold, berate, insult
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
hǒu:* 小牛。 ǒu:* 公牛。 kǒu:* 同"𤘘"
calf, bull; bullock; ox (castrated), (a variant) domesticated animals
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音hóu。和解貌
conciliation; to come to an amicable understanding; compromise
* 污秽，脏东西。 污～。泥～。牙～。～腻。～秽。～敝（又脏又破）。 * 同"诟"
dirt, filth, stains; dirty
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～子〕ａ．常绿灌木或小乔木，夏季开白花，有浓香。果实卵形，可入药，亦可作黄色染料。有的地区亦称"水横枝"；ｂ．这种植物的果实
gardenia
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～子〕ａ．常綠灌木或小喬木，夏季開白花，有濃香。果實卵形，可入藥，亦可作黃色染料。有的地區亦稱"水橫枝"；ｂ．這種植物的果實
gardenia
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音hòu。跛脚行走
hard to walk, lame; crippled
gòu:* 善；好："其人夷～。" * 邪恶："咨～嫮之难并兮。" * 相遇。 dù:* 古同"妒"，忌妒；忌恨
mate; copulate; good
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代盛酒的器皿。 ～言（卮不灌酒就空仰着，灌满酒就倾斜，没有一成不变的常态，如同说话没有主见或定见。后常用为对自己著作的谦辞，如《诸子～～》） * 古同"栀"，栀子
measuring cup; wine container
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"卮"（a。古代酒器，如"柏酒延年共举～。"b。古代一种作染料用的野生植物，可制胭脂。c。支离）
measuring cup; wine container
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔邂～〕见"邂"
meet unexpectedly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古地名，在今中国山东省东平县
place in Shandong province
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 君主；帝王。 商之先～（先王）。 * 帝王的正妻。 皇～。太～。 * 诸候。 * 指空间在背面，反面的，与"前"相对。 ～窗户。～面。～学。～缀。～进。 * 时间较晚，与"先"相对。 日～。～福。～期。 * 指次序，与"前"相对。 ～排。～十名。 * 子孙。 ～辈。～嗣。～裔。～昆。无～（没有子孙）。 * 姓
queen, empress, sovereign; (simp. for 後) behind, rear, after
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 长形骨的顶端
tip of a long bone
* 古同"厚"。 * 姓
used in place names
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->