中

RIjAzWGu

275 RIjAzWGu
101 𧐶 U+27436

* 同"鼀"

(translated) same as 鼀

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E450
102 𥉷 U+25277 qī

* 拼音qī。见

(translated) see

103 𦈚 U+2621A cù

* "縬" 的简体字

(translated) simplified form of "縬"

104 𬴈 U+2CD08

* "𩥼" 的类推简化字

(translated) simplified form of "𩥼" by analogy

105 諔 U+8AD4 chù jí

chù:* 〔～诡〕奇异，如"彼且蕲以～～幻怪之名闻，不知至人之以是为己桎梏邪？" jí:* 同"寂"，寂静

(translated) strange and unusual; same as "寂", tranquil

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E6F483_E6F583_E6F683_E6F783_E6F883_E6F983_E6FA83_E6FB83_E6FC83_E6FD83_E6FE
106 𤠽 U+2483D cù

* 拼音cù。强劲

(translated) strong and powerful

107 𭟍 U+2D7CD

* 《荒田随笔》: 戒善皆眞证又何～焉哉世之立言曰乾爲马坤为牛是微物而可

(translated) superfluous; unnecessary

108 𧇝 U+271DD shú

* 拼音shú。虎入山林

(translated) tiger entering the mountain forest

109 𣥹 U+23979 chù

* 拼音chù。至， 到

(translated) to arrive; to reach

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E14B
110 鮛 U+9B9B shù shū

* 小鲟鱼

Acquired from 䱙: (same as 䱙) a small kind of tuna or sturgeon

111 䦊 U+498A niǎo

* 拼音niǎo。古代沙地上行走用的工具

an appliance for walking on the sands (as boat for river; car for highway)

112 㗤 U+35E4 cù

* 拼音cù。[～咨] 忸怩

ashamed, restless; fidgeting; (a dialect) bashful, grievous; mournful; sad

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E94581_E946
113 鏚 U+93DA qī qì

* 古同"戚"，古代一种形似斧的兵器："干～羽旄。"

axe

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
45_EFE345_EFE445_EFE5
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_EEC734_F03234_EEC234_EEC834_EEC334_EEC434_EEC634_EEC533_F42F
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
57_F17657_F17557_F177
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_621A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E969
114 菽 U+83FD shú shū jiāo

* 豆的总称。 ～水（泛指粗茶淡饭，用以指对父母的奉养，如"～～承欢"）。～麦。～粟

beans and peas, collectively

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E568
115 㾥 U+3FA5 xù

* 拼音chù。腹痛

bellyache

116 䙘 U+4658 chǔ zú

* 拼音chǔ。美好的样子

exquisite; fine, bright-colored clothes, clear white

117 䙯 U+466F zhuó cù

* 同"䙘"。 * 拼音cù。 * 好。 * 鲜明

exquisite; fine, sharp; distinct, bright-colored

118 叔 U+53D4 shū

* 兄弟排行次序第三。 伯、仲、～、季。 * 父亲的弟弟，亦称跟父亲同辈而年纪较小的男子。 ～父。大～。 * 丈夫的弟弟。 小～子。～嫂。 * 拾："九月～苴"

father"s younger brother

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_EFBE
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EFDF31_EFDE31_EFDC31_EFDD31_EFDA31_EFDB
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E2E871_E2EA71_E2E971_E2EB71_E2EC
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_53D427_E291
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E2EC91_F0FE91_F0FF71_E2E871_E2E971_E2EA71_E2EB91_F10191_F10291_F10391_F10491_F10891_F10991_F10A91_F10B91_F10591_F10691_F107
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F5C281_F5C381_F5C481_F5C581_F5C681_F5C781_F5C881_F5C981_F5CA81_F5CB81_F5CC81_F5CD
119 顣 U+9863 qī cù

* 古同"蹙"，皱缩（额头、眉毛）

frown

120 淑 U+6DD1 shú chù shū

* 善，美（多指女性） ～质（善良的品质）。～丽。～静。～慎。～德。～女。 * 清澈。 ～清

good, pure, virtuous, charming

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EC4A
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6DD1
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F03193_F03293_F03393_F034
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EB7D84_EB7E84_EB7F84_EB8084_EB8184_EB8284_EB83
121 惄 U+60C4 nì

* 忧郁，伤痛："我心忧伤，～焉如捣。" * 失意的样子。 * 啼哭至极而发不出声音

long for; hungry

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EBA433_EBA533_EBA933_EBA333_EBA833_EBA633_EBA7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_60C4
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_ED4F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E83884_E83984_E83A84_E83B84_E83C
122 槭 U+69ED sè qī cù

qì:* 落叶小乔木，树干平滑，叶对生，掌状分裂，秋季变为红色或黄色。花黄绿色，结翅果，能借风力散布种子。木材可做器具。 sè:* 树枝光秃的样子，树叶凋落："庭树～以洒落兮"

maple

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_69ED
123 椒 U+6912 jiāo

* 〔花～〕ａ．落叶灌木或小乔木，果实球形，暗红色，种子黑色，可供药用或调味；ｂ．这种植物的果实，简称"椒"，如"～盐"。"～酒"。"～桂"（常用来喻贤人）。 * 〔胡～〕ａ．常绿藤本植物，果实球形，红色，成熟后红黑色，味辛辣，可供药用或调味；ｂ．这种植物的果实

pepper, spices

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E625
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E62591_E3A191_E3A491_E3A291_E3A3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F520
124 戚 U+621A qī

* 因婚姻联成的关系。 亲～。外～。～族。～友。 * 忧愁，悲哀。 ～然。凄～。哀～。休～。 * 古代兵器，像斧。 * 姓

relative; be related to; sad

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
45_EFE345_EFE445_EFE5
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_EEC734_F03234_EEC234_EEC834_EEC334_EEC434_EEC634_EEC533_F42F
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
57_F17657_F17557_F177
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_621A
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_E03D94_E03E94_E03F94_E04094_E04394_E04494_E04194_E042
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F76184_F76284_F76384_F76484_F76584_F76684_F76784_F76884_F76984_F76A
125 慽 U+617D qī

* 古同"戚"

sorrowful, mournful; sorrow

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
57_E77C57_E77D57_E77E57_E77F57_E78157_E78057_E77A57_E77B
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_617C
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EE1593_EE1693_EE1793_EE1893_EE19
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E91D
126 慼 U+617C qī

* 同"戚"

sorrowful, mournful; sorrow

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
45_EFE345_EFE445_EFE5
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_EEC734_F03234_EEC234_EEC834_EEC334_EEC434_EEC634_EEC533_F42F
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
57_E77A57_E77B57_E77C57_E77D57_E77E57_E77F57_E78157_E780
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_617C
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EE1593_EE1693_EE1793_EE1893_EE19
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E91D
127 俶 U+4FF6 chù tì

chù:* 开始。 ～扰。 * 作。 * 整理。 ～装（整理行装）。 * 善："令终有～"。 tì:* 同"倜"

start, begin; beginning; arrange

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_F42A52_F42B52_F42C52_F42D52_F42E52_F42F
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4FF6
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_F5E3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EBAE83_EBAF
128 寂 U+5BC2 jì

* 静，没有声音。 ～静。～寞。孤～。～～。～灭。～默。～寥（寂静空旷）

still, silent, quiet, desolate

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E61C27_E61D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E6F483_E6F583_E6F683_E6F783_E6F883_E6F983_E6FA83_E6FB83_E6FC83_E6FD83_E6FE
129 督 U+7763 dū

* 察看；监管。 监～。～办。～导。～察。～促。～师。～率（ shuài ）（亦作"督帅"）。～战。～学。 * 责罚。 ～过（督察责备）。～责。 * 古代将官名。 都～。～邮。～护。总～。提～。～抚

supervise, oversee, direct

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
45_EA4545_EA4645_EA4745_EA48
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7763
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_F3AB91_F3A991_F3AC91_F3AD91_F3AA
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E130
130 墄 U+5884 qī

* 台阶的梯级："岭挟楼梯俊，岩牵殿～斜。"

the steps of a stairway

131 嘁 U+5601 qī

* 〔～～喳喳〕象声词，形容细碎的说话声。 * 〔～哩喀喳〕形容说话做事干脆、利索

to be grieved; ashamed; used to imitate sounds

132 㑐 U+3450 shū

* 拼音shū。动

to move; to start; to shake, name of a person

133 䗩 U+45E9 qī

* 拼音qī。一些腹足软体动物的名称， 贝壳没有螺旋，隆起象斗笠， 用腹足吸附在海边礁石上，吃浮游生物和藻类， 肉可食用

toad (especially in reference to the one supposed to live on the moon), molluscs; mollusks generally

134 踧 U+8E27 dí cù

* 古通"蹙"（ａ．困窘；ｂ．皱）。 * 跃："马能一～致千里。" * 〔～踖〕恭敬小心的样子。 * 〔～尔〕惊惧不安。 * 古通"蹴"，踢："黄门从官驺蹋～蕃。"

uneasiness, nervousness; level

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8E27
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EE5F
135 蹙 U+8E59 cù

* 紧迫。 穷～。 * 皱，收缩。 ～眉。～额。～皱。～缩。～金（用拈紧的金线刺绣，使刺绣的纹路绉缩起来。亦称"拈金"）。 * 局促不安。 ～～

urgent, suddenly; grieve, lament

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8E59
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EECD81_EECE
136 䠞 U+481E qí cù

* 同"蹙"

wrinkled; contracted; to draw together, urgent; imminent; sad; sorrowful

137 尗 U+5C17 shú

* 同"菽"

younger of brothers; father"s younger brother younger brother of a husband

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_EFBE
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EFDF31_EFDE31_EFDC31_EFDD31_EFDA31_EFDB
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E2E871_E2EA71_E2E971_E2EB71_E2EC
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_F5BC
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E64183_E642