* 金文隶定字。 人名用字。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》1065頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第429器銘文中
(translated) Used for personal names
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* 佛经咒语用字
(translated) Used in Buddhist mantras and spells
* 佛经用字。 原文："佛滅後百年間， 付法藏第五祖優婆多之下有五弟子。"
(translated) Used in Buddhist scriptures; Appears in the sentence: "佛滅後百年間， 付法藏第五祖優婆多之下有五弟子。"
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 拼音wù。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese names
* 拼音bēi。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音tuō。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names; Used for Chinese given names
* 人名用字
(translated) Used in given names
* 〈喃〉黄牛
(translated) Vietnamese term for yellow cattle
* 〈喃〉义为水牛
(translated) Vietnamese: water buffalo
* 黄白色的牛。 * 苍白色的牛。 * 禽兽毛羽变色，失去光泽
(translated) Yellowish-white cow; Pale white cow; Plumage of birds and animals changes color and loses luster
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xiù。一种似熊的兽
(translated) a bear-like beast
* 拼音jiè。四岁的牛
(translated) a four-year-old ox
* 拼音bāng。一种白脊背的牛
(translated) a kind of white-backed cattle
* 拼音kàng。[海～] 一种海生的动物
(translated) a marine animal, used in "Hai~"
* 一种颈背部隆起的野牛。 * 未经训练的牛
(translated) a type of humped wild cattle; untrained cattle
* "𪀻" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogically simplified form of "𪀻"
* "𤛠" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "𤛠"
* 拼音nǐ。兽名
(translated) beast name; animal name
* 拼音yú。黑牛
(translated) black cow
* 黑脚牛。 * 黑耳牛
(translated) black foot cow; black ear cow
* 拼音fú。吹声
(translated) blowing sound
* 公牛
(translated) bull
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kè。公牛
(translated) bull
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 牛犢。 * 牛叫
(translated) calf; bellow
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音nghé 小牛，牛犊
(translated) calf; young cow
* 牛病。 * 牛柔驯。 * 牛饲料
(translated) cattle disease; gentle and docile cattle; cattle feed
* 拼音jìn。牛舌病
(translated) cattle tongue disease
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "宓" 的讹字，［～羲］， 同"伏羲"
(translated) corrupted form of "宓"; same as "伏羲"
* "白" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of 白
* 拼音quán。牛角弯曲
(translated) curved cow horn
* 拼音yù。打盹
(translated) doze
* 干肉："汤之初作囿也，以奉宗庙鲜～之具。"
(translated) dried meat
* 拼音cǔ。驱使、 吆喝牛
(translated) drive cattle; call out to cattle
* 拼音tiàn。牛吃的草
(translated) fodder
* 拼音bì。[～～]牛行走的样子
(translated) gait of an ox
* 同"健"。 见《 念诵结护法普通诸部》
(translated) healthy; strong; vigorous
gē:* 群角。 qiú:* 官牫
(translated) herd of horns; official term
* 无角小牛
(translated) hornless calf
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音chún。迟
(translated) late
* 雄性。 * 短头牛
(translated) male; short-headed cattle
* 拼音céng。牛名
(translated) name for a cow
* 拼音tà。兽名
(translated) name of a beast
* 牛名
(translated) name of a cow
* 拼音wēi。牛名
(translated) name of a cow
* 拼音chuī。牛名
(translated) name of an ox
* 拼音cāng。牛名
(translated) name of an ox
* 拼音yáo。牛名
(translated) name of an ox
* 拼音gǔ。牛名
(translated) name of an ox
* 拼音qīn。牛名。[~ 牛]"秦牛" 的部首类化
(translated) name of cattle
* 拼音pì。牛名
(translated) name of cattle
* 拼音huáng。牛名
(translated) name of ox
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yáo。俗"繇"
(translated) non-classical form of 繇
* 宋· 孔甯之《氂牛賦》：" 奔逸躅而倫～，載賁首而亂羜。"
(translated) orderly; sequential
* 读音moz 黄牛
(translated) ox
* 拼音lā。牛牴
(translated) ox butting
* 拼音zhàn。牛角貌
(translated) ox horn-shaped
* 拼音xún。牛名
(translated) ox name
* 拼音tāo。牛行走缓慢
(translated) ox walking slowly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音chǎn。牛行走缓慢
(translated) ox walking slowly
* 毛色黑白相杂的牛；泛指杂色不纯。 * 乱
(translated) ox with black and white mixed coat; generally refers to mixed and impure colors; disorderly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
yòu:* 黑眼眶的牛。 chōu:* 求子的牛
(translated) ox with black eye rims; ox for breeding
* 关养牛马的圈。 * 绑在牛角上使牛不能顶人的横木。 * 同"梏"，桎梏，束缚
(translated) pen for cattle and horses; horizontal bar on ox horns to prevent butting; same as "梏", meaning fetters or shackles; restraints
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 地名。～ 牛河流域及吉林地方
(translated) place name; refers to the Niu River basin and the Jilin area
* 力大的牛
(translated) powerful ox
jiū:* 力大的牛。 lè:* 古国名
(translated) powerful ox; name of an ancient country
* 拼音pìn
(translated) pronounced as pìn
* 拼音xiòng
(translated) pronounced as xiòng
* 拼音yù。牛名。[~ 牛]"吴牛" 的部首类化
(translated) pronounced as yù; ox name; radical classification of "吴牛"
* 〔～牛〕即"犩"
(translated) referring to "犩" in "犪牛"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音tà。抵
(translated) resist; oppose
* 同"牡"
(translated) same as "male"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"㮜"。 * 拼音zāng。 * 牛善
(translated) same as "㮜"; good cattle
* 同"㸺"。 * 拼音shā。 * [～牛] 母牛。西南官话、 吴语、赣语
(translated) same as "㸺"; female cow, specifically in Southwest Mandarin, Wu Chinese, and Gan Chinese dialects
* 同"㹊"
(translated) same as "㹊"
* 同"㹎"
(translated) same as "㹎"
* 同"㹕"
(translated) same as "㹕"
* 同"㹗"
(translated) same as "㹗"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"㹗"
(translated) same as "㹗"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"亩"
(translated) same as "亩"
* 同"勞"。慰勞
(translated) same as "勞"; to comfort and reward
* 同"密"。通"密"，安宁， 安静
(translated) same as "密"; interchangeable with "密", meaning peaceful and quiet
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"寱"
(translated) same as "寱"
* 同"总"
(translated) same as "总"
* 同"振"
(translated) same as "振"
* 同"牝"
(translated) same as "牝", which means female animal
* 同"牨"。 * 拼音rǒng。 * 水牛
(translated) same as "牨"; water buffalo
* 拼音bèi。同"牬"
(translated) same as "牬"
* 同"牴"
(translated) same as "牴"
* 同"犎"
(translated) same as "犎"
* 同"犣"。 * 拼音liè
(translated) same as "犣"
* 同"犦"
(translated) same as "犦"
* 同"犪"
(translated) same as "犪"
* 同"缅"
(translated) same as "缅"
* 同"螛"。 * 拼音xiá。 * 蝼蛄
(translated) same as "螛"; mole cricket
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->