* 方言，脚跟。 * 使劲，用力
(Cant.) heel, elbow
gxAA7T5B
36 
* 同"挣"
(Cant.) to owe
* "䦛"的簡化字
(simplified form of U+499B 䦛) to struggle; struggle; to strive
* 读音zāng[ 粤]，拼音zhēng。 * 人名用字
(translated) Pronunciation: Cantonese zāng, Mandarin zhēng; Used in personal names
* 同"帧"
(translated) Same as "帧"
* "𧶄" 的类推简化字
(translated) Simplified form by analogy of "𧶄"
* 读音cwngq。 争论，争执， 顶嘴
(translated) argue; dispute; retort
* 木束
(translated) bundle of wood
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
zhēng:* 耕治。 chéng:* 中国古代鲁城北门池
(translated) cultivate; till; moat of the north gate of the ancient city of Lu in China
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～鬡（ níng ）〕头发或胡须散乱的样子，如"怒须犹～～。"
(translated) disheveled hair or beard; unruly hair or beard
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"谄"。 * 拼音chǎn
(translated) flatter
* 安静："～立安坐而至者，因其械也。" * 捏造。 * 善。 * 古通"靖"，谦恭
(translated) quiet; fabricate; good; anciently interchangeable with "靖", humble
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𪟐"
(translated) same as "𪟐"
* 破声。 * 古同"琤"，玉石声
(translated) sound of cracking; anciently same as "琤", sound of jade and stone
* 读音tạnh 无风的
(translated) windless
* 古同"婧"
Semantic variant of 婧: modest; supple
* 见"铮"
clanging sound; small gong
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～～〕ａ．象声词，金属撞击声；ｂ．喻才能突出，如"铁中～～"；ｃ．喻刚正不阿，如"～～铁骨"。 * （錚）
clanging sound; small gong
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
jìng:* 清洁。 ～化。～水。～土。～心（a。清净的心；b。心里没有牵挂）。～院（佛寺。亦称"净宇"）。干～。洁～。窗明几～。 * 使干净。 ～面。～手（大小便）。 * 空，什么也没有。 ～尽。 * 单纯，纯粹的。 ～利。～值。～价。～重（ zhòng ）。纯～。 * 单，只，全。 满地～是树叶。 * 中国传统戏剧扮演男人的角色名。 ～角（亦称"花脸"、"黑头"）。 chēng:* 冷的样子
clean, pure; cleanse
* 力求获得，互不相让。 ～夺。竞～。～长论短。 * 力求实现。 ～取。～气。～胜。 * 方言，差，欠。 总数还～多少？ * 怎么，如何（多见于诗、词、曲） ～不。～知。～奈
dispute, fight, contend, strive
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～狞〕样子凶恶，如"面目～～"
fierce-looking, ferocious
* 〔～嵘〕a。高峻、突出，如"山势～～"；b。不平凡，不寻常，如"～～岁月"
high, lofty, noble; steep, perilous
* 〔～～〕象声词，玉器相击声，琴声或水流声
jade of jade being; tinkle
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 张开眼睛。 ～眼
open eyes; stare
* 同"浄"
pool in a river
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"浄"
pool in a river
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"净"
pure, clean, unspoiled
* 停止的，与"动"相对。 ～止。～态。～物。平～。风平浪～。 * 没有声音。 安～。寂～。僻～。冷～。肃～。～悄悄。～穆。～谧。～默。～观。～听。 * 安详，闲雅。 ～心。～坐。 * 古同"净"，清洁。 * 姓
quiet, still, motionless; gentle
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 弦乐器，木制长形。古代十三或十六根弦，现为二十五根弦
stringed musical instrument; kite
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
zhēng:* 〔～扎〕尽力支撑或摆脱，如"垂死～～"。 zhèng:* 用力支撑或摆脱。 ～脱。～开。 * 出力取得。 ～钱。～饭吃
strive, endeavor, struggle
* 拼音zhēng。脚筋
tendons of the heel of the foot; (Cant.) elbow, heel
* 见"诤"
to expostulate; to remonstrate
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 谏，照直说出人的过错，叫人改正。 ～谏。～言。～臣。～友（能直言规劝的朋友。亦作"争友"）。 * 〔～人〕古代传说中的矮小人种。亦称"靖人"。 * 纷争，争。 ～紊（争论是非）
to expostulate; to remonstrate
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* [～䦟]同"挣揣"，挣扎
to struggle; struggle; to strive
* 拼音zhēng。 * 急弦之声。 * 缠绕。 * 曲折
to wind round the ropes, crooked; winding; bends; turns; curves; turns and twists, to play a sound of hasty (fast) string (of a musical instrument)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音zhēng。小羊
young goat, antelope