* 牙齿咬合
(translated) occlusion of teeth
idqCKHHG
171 
* 〔～～〕❶开口吐气的样子；❷风声，如"寒风带雪吹～～。"
(translated) onomatopoeia for panting; wind sound, as in "寒风带雪吹颬颬" (cold wind carrying snow blows xiāo xiāo)
* 拼音yá。人名
(translated) personal name
* 拼音huī。猪吃食
(translated) pigs feeding
* 同"岈"
(translated) same as "岈"
* 同"慭"
(translated) same as "慭"
* 同"揨（朾）"。撞；触
(translated) same as "揨 (朾)"; strike; touch
* 同"氂"
(translated) same as "氂"
* 同"沍"。中国人名用字。 * 《八辅》 第29区， 第66字
(translated) same as "沍"; used in Chinese personal names
* 同"规"
(translated) same as "规"
* 同"釐"
(translated) same as "釐"
* 同"齲"
(translated) same as "齲"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音chéng。同"𢿦"
(translated) same as "𢿦"
* 同"𤘈"
(translated) same as "𤘈"
* 同"𦰳"
(translated) same as "𦰳"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𧢾"
(translated) same as "𧢾"
* 同"𨃥"。 * 拼音zhāi。 * 谨行
(translated) same as "𨃥"; cautious conduct
* 同"𪙤"
(translated) same as "𪙤"
* 同"䓄"
(translated) same as 䓄
chēng:* chēng ㄔㄥˉ 同"撑"。 chèng:* 斜柱。 * 桌椅等腿中间的横木
(translated) same as 撑; oblique column; horizontal wood between legs of tables and chairs
* 同"氂"
(translated) same as 氂; hair of a long-haired ox
* 同"黧"
(translated) same as 黧
* 同"齑"
(translated) same as 齑
* 读音xỏ 套，穿， 愚弄
(translated) slip over; put on; fool
* 读音ndaenj。 * 挤。～車。 他挤上车去。 * 钻
(translated) squeeze; jostle; bore
* 马棚："夏～马。" * 厅堂；客堂。 * 供过往宾客歇宿的房舍
(translated) stable; hall; guesthouse
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音chí。疑同"坻"
(translated) suspected to be same as "坻"
* 读音nyod。 嫩芽，苗。[～]树芽
(translated) tender sprout; seedling; tree sprout
* 《正法华经》: 志性褊促 荆棘～ 身
(translated) thorny; prickly
* 同"牙"
(translated) tooth
* 子谷不秀
(translated) unsprouted grain
* 同"嫠"
(translated) widow
* 巫撾。 撾則冶。冶挾把。 挾把則蟹。蟹八～
(translated) witch-clawing; clawing is like forging/smelting; forging/smelting involves grasping/holding; grasping/holding is like a crab; crab eight [legs/claws]
yǎ:* 〔痄～〕见"痄"。 xiā:* 古同"瘕"，喉病
(translated) yǎ: Used in "痄疨"; see "痄"; xiā: Ancient form of "瘕"; throat disease
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yé:* 古同"鋣"。 yá:* 化学元素"锿"的旧译
Acquired from 䥺: (same as 鋣) name of a double-edged sword, (traditional form 䥺) a chemical element (鎄) (Es)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"爺"
Semantic variant of 爺: father, grandfather
* 同"牙"
Semantic variant of 牙: tooth, molars, teeth; serrated
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔琅琊〕也作"琅邪"、"瑯琊"。①郡名。秦置。旧治在今山东省胶南市境
a place in eastern Shandong
* 同"撑"
a prop; a shore
* 〈方〉兒童。同"伢"
a very young child
* 植物的幼体，可以发育成茎、叶或花的那一部分。 发～。嫩～。幼～。萌～。豆～。 * 形状像芽的东西。 肉～（伤口愈合后多长出的肉）。银～（银矿苗）
bud, sprout, shoot
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 植物的幼体，可以发育成茎、叶或花的那一部分。 发～。嫩～。幼～。萌～。豆～。 * 形状像芽的东西。 肉～（伤口愈合后多长出的肉）。银～（银矿苗）
bud, sprout, shoot
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 方言，小孩儿
child
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"鸦"
crow, raven; Corvus species (various)
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 鸟类的一属，全身多为黑色，嘴大翼长，叫声"丫丫" 乌～。寒～。～嘴锄（一种形如鸦嘴的轻便小锄）。 * 古同"丫"，女孩子
crow; Corvus species (various)
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 正规的，标准的。 ～言。～正（ａ．规范的；ｂ．正直；ｃ．客气话，用于赠给他人的书画题款上，请对方指正）。 * 美好的，高尚的，不粗俗的。 文～。高～。典～。～观。～教（ jiào ）。～兴（ xìng ）。～座。～俗。 * 平素，素来。 ～爱。～善鼓琴。 * 极，甚。 ～以为美。～不欲为。 * 交往。 无一日之～。 * 酒器名。 ～量（ liàng ）（ａ．大的酒量；ｂ．宽宏的气度）。 * 中国周代朝庭上的乐歌。 风～颂。～声（泛指诗歌）。 * 古同"鸦"，乌鸦
elegant, graceful, refined
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 惊奇，奇怪。 ～然。～异。惊～。 * 同"迓"，迎接
express surprise, be surprised
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 驚奇，奇怪。 ～然。～異。驚～。 * 同"迓"，迎接
express surprise, be surprised
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
qiā:* 恐惧。 yà:* [～怍]心多奸诈
fear; dread; fright; scare, crafty; low cunning
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yá:* [扠～]不正。 yà:* 同"砑"。 qiā:* 抳。 * 同"抲"。扼。 * 將
forked branches, stone roller, to roll, to stop; to detain; to prohibit, to clutch; to grasp
* 拼音yá。 * 稷。 * 同"芽"
forty bundles of rice plant, panicled millet, (same as 芽) sprout; shoot; bud
* 古同"讶"
freezing; stopped up, closed off
xié:* 山貌。 yé:* 山名
mountain in Shandong province
yé:* 草名。 * 菜名。 yē:* 同"㭨（椰）"。唐玄應
name of a variety of grass, a kind of vegetable, (same as 椰) coconut; coconut palm; coconut tree
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yā:* 叹词，表示惊疑。 ～！你流血了。 * 象声词，形容摩擦转动的声音。 两扇大门～的一声打开了。 ya:* 助词。表示疑问、感叹、祈使等语气。 别见怪～！你快回去～！你怎么不回家～！
particle used to express surprise or mild emphasis; (Cant.) slurred form of the number ten
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 破，透。 ～透。揭～。～窬（钻洞和爬墙，指盗贼）。～凿。 * 通过，连通。 ～过。～行（ xíng ）。 * 着（ zhuó ）衣服鞋袜。 ～衣。～鞋
penetrate, pierce, drill; wear
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～虫〕昆虫，是农业害虫。亦称"蜜虫"、"腻虫"
plant louse, aphids
* chēng ㄔㄥˉ 同"撑"
prop up, support; brace; to push off (with a pole)
* 同"邪"
slit in garment to aid movement
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yé:* 古同"揶"。 yú:* 〔胥～〕残余
strive, endeavor
* 见"铘"
sword
* 〔镆～〕见"镆"
sword
yē:* 同"椰"。 yá:* 车网会。 yā:* 〔杈枒〕树枝纵横杂出貌。 yà:* 〔枒〕见"𨔣"
the coconut tree; rim
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔谽～〕见"谽"
the mouth of a valley
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 迎接。 迎～。～之于门
to go to meet, to receive, as a guest
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用卵形或弧形的石块碾压或摩擦皮革、布帛等，使紧实而光亮。 ～光。～绫
to grind, to calender, to polish; to roll with a stone roller
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 齿（古代把大齿称为"牙"，现在"牙"是齿的通称，亦称"牙齿"） ～垢。～龈。～碜。～祭。 * 像牙齿形状的东西。 抽屉～子。 * 特指象牙。 ～雕。 * 旧时介绍买卖从中取利的人。 ～商。～行。 * 姓
tooth, molars, teeth; serrated
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 穿（衣服）
wear (clothes)
xié:* 不正当，不正派。 ～恶（ è ）。～念。～说。 * 中医指引起疾病的环境因素。 寒～。风～。 * 迷信的人指鬼神给予的灾祸。 中（ zhòng ）～。 * 妖异怪诞。 ～魔。～术。 * 同"斜"。 yé:* 同"耶"，疑问词
wrong, evil, depraved, vicious, perverse, heterodox
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->