* 〔～鱼〕体侧扁而长，银灰带红色，体侧有十余条黑色横纹，产卵季节色泽鲜艳，故亦称"桃花鱼"。是溪流中的小型经济鱼类
(Cant.) 赤鱲角, Hong Kong place name
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99 
* "鱲" 的简体字。 * 拼音liè。 * [赤～ 角]地名， 在香港。 * 《八辅》 第42区， 第47字
(Cant.) 赤鱲角, Hong Kong place name
* 同"鬣"
(same as 鬣) long beard or whiskers, a mane; bristles, as on a hog; dorsal fins
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音liè。 * 同"鬣"。 * 猪
(same as 鬣) long beard or whiskers, mane, fins
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* "𩧆" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogical simplified form of "𩧆"
* 拼音là。 * [～㿴]。 * 皮肤宽貌。 * 腥羶
(translated) Appearance of wide skin; fishy and muttony odor
* 〔天〕同"天靈"。人的头顶骨
(translated) Celestial: same as Tianling; human skullcap
* 金文隶定字。 字见《殷周金文集成引得》291 頁。金文原形字出自《 殷周金文集成》第11997 器銘文中
(translated) Clerical script form of Bronze script
* 金文隶定字， 同"擸"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》434 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第10171器銘文中
(translated) Clerical script form of bronze inscription, same as "擸"; Original form of bronze inscription character, found in the inscription of vessel No. 10171 of *Compendium of Bronze Inscriptions*
* 拼音疑为liè。 * 煤炭。 一名石炭。一名烏金石、 石墨、鐵炭、 焦石。有數種煤石塊麩炭。 如沙如麥麩者。卽石如木炭而燃。 中原則爲日用之物。與柴炭等。" 中國采礦燒之則不燃。作硫磺氣煤石。 臭者燒熔而閉之成石。再鑿而入爐曰礁。 可五日不絶火。煎鑛煮石。 殊爲省力。而以藥物解之。 始得燃熾。" 我東則自古無聞焉。 竝不知爲何物。然以予所聞。 畿甸則楊根小雪山谷有之。北路則端川、 會寧、穩城、 鍾城、鏡城等地有之。 而慶興府、 "慶興府板橋社山谷多産焉" 慶源府 "召羅社出石巖。 而石炭礦中亦産～珀片。 如指頂如荳粒者。慶興府接界黃土窟亦多産焉。 有信社倉後麓種種地然。其下或有之。 東林社山谷亦有。訓戎社距鎭十里地。 名葛路峙村乾川中。産石炭。 成塊層疊。色烏有光。 掘取無窮云。" 亦出焉。 我東於格物最疏。爲天下日用之物。 獨置諸無用。而不究其可用之道。 可勝惜哉。中原則延州出燃石。 以爲烹飪鍛之需。"按類書。 豫章有石。黃白色而理疏。 以水灌之。便熱雷煥。 問張華。曰燃石。 秦始皇時。有宛渠之民。 天地初開時。了如親見。 又曰。臣國去咸池日沒之所九萬里。 日月不照。萬歲爲晝。 萬歲爲夜。琢燃石代日光。 其石出於燃山云。燃石卽可燃者。" 豐城、萍鄕二縣。 皆産石炭。於山間掘土。 黑色可然。有火而無焰。 作硫磺氣。旣銷則成白灰。 按《天工開物》。 凡煤炭不生茂草盛木之鄕。可見天心之妙。 其炊爨功用所不及者。惟結腐一種而已。" 結豆腐者。用煤炭則焦枯。 故不用。" 若然則山之本自童濯處。 必有之矣。欲得其礦穴。 則細檢《天工開物》 及《本草綱目》 等書。而可知其采取解然法矣。 予癸卯 "憲宗九年" 游北關時。於楸城之訓戎地。 出一石如煤炭云。故采來省之。 則石塊層疊而烏有光。如碎唐墨片片揭起。 碎而作屑。試入火爇之。 燃而起燄。頃刻通紅。 與炭無異。臭如硫磺。 且易燼成灰。無木炭擁然則卽滅矣。 若非煤石。卽是燃石之類。 此物如法解之。可以爲炭。" 訓戎之燃石。疏散甚脆。 作屑如麩。易燃如炭。 而無火星起燄臭臊。出爐黑滅。 而石質則燼白。" 開鑛采取。 其利當與鹽鐵相埒。恨無知者。 委棄不收也。"《游燕記》。 烹茶燒炕。多用石炭。 炭出太行山。始出如泥。 得風則硬。塊大小不一。 其細瑣者。碾均爲屑。 和糊印磚之。燒不成灰者。 水淹之。可以再燒。"
(translated) Coal; also known as stone coal, black gold stone, graphite, iron coal, coke stone; a combustible mineral similar to charcoal
* 拼音jiǎn。义未详
(translated) Pronunciation jiǎn; meaning unknown
* 读音nến 蜡烛
(translated) Pronunciation nến; candle
* 同"㚃"
(translated) Same as "㚃"
* 同"四"
(translated) Same as "四"
* 同"孳"。籀文孳字
(translated) Same as "孳"; Zhouwen form of "孳"
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"氤"
(translated) Same as "氤"
* 同"脑"
(translated) Same as "脑"
* 同"菵"
(translated) Same as "菵"
* 同"虿"。 * 拼音chài。 * 蝎子一类的毒虫
(translated) Same as "虿"; Venomous insect like scorpion
* 同"𡓍"
(translated) Same as "𡓍"
* 同"𢺍"
(translated) Same as "𢺍"
* 同"𢺍"
(translated) Same as "𢺍"
* 同"𥜽"
(translated) Same as "𥜽"
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𥸆"
(translated) Same as "𥸆"
* 同"𦳢"
(translated) Same as "𦳢"
* 同"𨋢"。粤音līp。 * 名词， 电梯
(translated) Same as "𨋢"; Elevator
* 同"𪇹"
(translated) Same as "𪇹"
* 拼音liè。土貌
(translated) appearance of soil
* 读音liếp， 竹笪，竹筚
(translated) bamboo mat; bamboo strip
* 读音rạp 鞠躬
(translated) bow
* 拼音liè。 * 断。 * 削
(translated) break; cut; slice
* 高大健壮的人
(translated) burly person
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* "箕" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "箕"
* 拼音liè。日暗
(translated) dark
* 拼音liè。鼓声
(translated) drum sound
* 孝友先堂設～ 幔村蒙鄕秀日莘莘因才敎授明倫理
(translated) establish
là:* 火的样子。 liè:* 火声
(translated) look of fire; sound of fire
* "撢" 本字
(translated) original form of "撢"
* 拼音dǎ。雌黄， 一种矿物
(translated) orpiment, a mineral
* 拼音liè。減削。 擇也
(translated) reduce; select
* 同"㚃"
(translated) same as "㚃"
* 同"䉭"。 * 拼音liè。 * 竹名
(translated) same as "䉭"; name of bamboo
* 同"罚"
(translated) same as "罚"
* 同"萬"
(translated) same as "萬"
* 同"（蠆）"
(translated) same as "蠆"
* 同"蠆"
(translated) same as "蠆"
* 同"贎"
(translated) same as "贎"
* 同"𡂏"
(translated) same as "𡂏"
* 同"恼"
(translated) same as annoyed
* 同"孳"
(translated) same as 孳
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"恼"
(translated) same as 恼
* 同"蠆"
(translated) same as 蠆; scorpion
* 拼音liè。啃骨头的声音
(translated) sound of gnawing bones
* 拼音liè。水声
(translated) sound of water
* 旄牛。 * 公牛
(translated) yak; bull
* 同"子"
Semantic variant of 子: offspring, child; fruit, seed of; 1st terrestrial branch
* 同"子"
Semantic variant of 子: offspring, child; fruit, seed of; 1st terrestrial branch
* 同"箕"
Semantic variant of 箕: sieve; dust pan, garbage bag
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 毛发。 * 本
a mane; bristles, as on a hog; dorsal fins
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音liè。 * 目暗。 * 病视
eyesight obscured, abnormal vision; (Cant.) to glance at, sweep the eyes over
* 拼音là。石头坠落的样子
falling stone, a mineral; an ore (with the element of bronze; copper), appearance of the connected mountains; a mountain range; a chain
* 拼音liè。 * 勺把儿。 * 紫藤
handle of a ladle, a plant; wistaria, or wisteria, a certain trees in Sichuan; material for candle
* 马、狮子等颈上的长毛。 ～鬃。刚～。 * 鱼颔旁小鳍。 * 〔～狗〕哺乳动物，外形略像狗，头比狗的头短而圆，毛棕黄或棕褐色，有许多不规则的黑褐斑点，多生长在热带或亚热带地区，吃兽类尸体腐烂的肉。 * 扫帚的末端
horse"s mane; fin; human whiskers
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 打獵；捕捉禽獸。 狩～。漁～。～捕。～取。～人。～戶。～狗。～槍。 * 搜尋；物色。 ～奇
hunt; field sports
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 打獵；捕捉禽獸。 狩～。漁～。～捕。～取。～人。～戶。～狗。～槍。 * 搜尋；物色。 ～奇
hunt; field sports
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音liè。马笼头上当额的金属装饰
metal decoration on a halter
* 拼音liè。 * 竹名。 * 铺床的竹垫
name of a variety of bamboo, covering made of bamboo strips
* 拼音liè。山谷名
name of a village in old China, name of a valley
* 〔～遢〕不利落，不整洁（"遢"读轻声）
rags
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 鉛和錫的合金，可以焊接金屬，亦可製造器物（亦稱"白鑞"、"錫鑞"） ～槍頭
solder; tin
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 铅和锡的合金，可以焊接金属，亦可制造器物（亦称"白鑞"、"锡鑞"） ～枪头
solder; tin
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
liè:* 持，执。 * 分理（须发或形似须发的东西）而握持。 là:* 折："残菊飘零满地金，～得一枝还好在。" * 把粮食粗粗地磨。 ～糁子
to hold, to grasp; to hold the hair; to pull at; (Cant.) to glance
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 超越。 ～级。～进。～等（超越等级，不按次序）。 * 践踏，踩
to stride over; to step across
* 古同"鬣"
variant of 鬣 U+9B23, a mane
* 動物、植物或礦物所產生的油質，具有可塑性，易熔化，不溶于水，可溶於二硫化碳和苯。 石～。蜂～。～版。～筆。～療。～染。～人。～紙。～燭。～黃（形容顏色黃得像蠟）。～丸
wax; candle; waxy, glazed
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 動物、植物或礦物所產生的油質，具有可塑性，易熔化，不溶于水，可溶於二硫化碳和苯。 石～。蜂～。～版。～筆。～療。～染。～人。～紙。～燭。～黃（形容顏色黃得像蠟）。～丸
wax; candle; waxy, glazed
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 歲終時合祭眾神的祭祀。 * 陰曆十二月稱為"臘月"。唐•李頻 * 僧受戒得度的年歲。唐•劉禹錫 * 醃製的肉類。如："臘肉"
year end sacrifice; dried meat
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 歲終時合祭眾神的祭祀。 * 陰曆十二月稱為"臘月"。唐•李頻 * 僧受戒得度的年歲。唐•劉禹錫 * 醃製的肉類。如："臘肉"
year end sacrifice; dried meat
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->