* "𨭗" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "𨭗" by analogy
muWkF6bC
456 
* "𨮰" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "𨮰" by analogy
* "𪆷" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "𪆷" by analogy
* 的类推简化字。 * 拼音xǐ。 * xī。 * 化学用字， 四价硒的阳离子。硒离子旧称～ 离子
(translated) simplified form of selenium by analogy; Pinyin xǐ; xī; chemical term, tetravalent selenium cation; Selenium ion, formerly known as 𬭄 ion
* "廞" 的简体字。 * 拼音xīn。 * 陈列：" 大丧，～裘饰皮车。" * 怒：" 虎虓振～。" * 淤塞： 水渠～塞
(translated) simplified form of 廞; to display; anger; to silt up
* "銶" 的简体字。 * 拼音qiú。 * 凿子（ 一说独头斧）之类：" 既破我斧，又缺我～。" * 析
(translated) simplified form of 銶; chisel (or single-headed axe) and similar tools; analyze; split
* "鎓" 的简体字。 * 拼音wēng。 * 锹。 * onium的音译字。 从氢化物的质子化物质，或它的衍生物。 例如"锍"、" 铵"、"鉮"
(translated) simplified form of 鎓; pinyin wēng; shovel; transliteration of onium, referring to protonated hydrides or their derivatives, e.g., sulfonium, ammonium, phosphonium
* "鐩" 的简体字。 * 拼音suì。 * 古代聚集阳光取火的器具
(translated) simplified form of 鐩; ancient tool for gathering sunlight to make fire
jiǎn:* 竹名。 * 姓。 jiān:* 马具。 * 姓
(translated) type of bamboo; surname; horse tack; surname
* 古代重量单位，合六又三分之二两（还有其他说法）
6 oz; ancient measurement
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代重量单位，六铢等于一锱，四锱等于一两。 ～介（喻微小）。～锤（喻微小）。～铢（喻琐碎的事或极少的钱）
8 oz; an ancient unit of weight
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* "𨧜" 的类推简化字
a broad hoe, a mattock
* 古代一种三足的釜。 * 古代一种凿木工具
a kind of pen; a kind of chisel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～孔〕在车床、钻床或其他机床上用专门刀具，对工件上已加工的孔刮平端面或切出锥形、圆柱形凹坑的方法。简称"锪"。 * （鍃）
a kind of tool
* 用薄钢片制成有尖齿可以来回拉动割开木头或金属的器具。 木～。钢～。电～。拉～。 * 用锯把东西拉（ lā ）开。 ～树。～木头。～末
a saw; to saw; amputate
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "鏦" 的类推简化字
a short spear
* 古代一种短的镰刀。 * 割稻穗
a sickle
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 斗。酌酒器。 * 姓
a wine flagon
* 一种放射性元素，由铀衰变而成
actinium (Ac)
* 木工用的一种工具，用时向下向内用力砍，称"锛子"。 * 用锛子一类东西砍。 ～木头
adze
* 一种金属元素，质地坚韧而轻，有延展性，容易导电。可作飞机、车辆、船、舶、火箭的结构材料。纯铝可做超高电压的电缆。做日用器皿的铝通常称"钢精"、"钢种（ zhóng ）"
aluminum
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 一种人造放射性元素
americium
* 化学中一种阳性复根，也就是"铵离子"。亦称"铵根"
ammonium
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 金属元素，符号Fl，原子序为114，是一种人工放射性合成元素
an ax, hatchet
* 钢铁制的停船器具，用铁链连在船上，抛到水底，可以使船停稳。 抛～。～位。～链
anchor
* 〔～铻〕古书上记载的山名，所出铁可造剑，因此宝剑也称"锟铻"。亦作"昆吾"。 * （錕）
ancient treasured sword
* 旧时指枪一类的火器。 火～。鸟～
ancient weapon, blunderbuss
* 古代盛酒的器皿
ancient wine vessel
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，应用于化工、电工和医药上，它的合金可制铅字、轴承等
antimony
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～甲〕古代的战衣，可以保护身体。简作"铠"，如"铁～"，"首～"
armor, chain mail
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 箭头。 箭～。 * 形容箭的锋利轻捷："所为贵～矢者，为其应声而至"
arrowhead, barb; swift, quick
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 配合秤杆称（ chēng ）轻重的金属块。 秤～（秤砣）。 * 敲打物件的器具。 ～子。铁～。 * 用锤敲打。 ～打。～炼（①磨炼；②刻苦钻研，反复琢磨使技艺等精炼、纯熟）。千～百炼。 * 古代的一种兵器，柄的上头有一个金属圆球。 铜～。 * 古代重量单位，一锤等于八铢（一说六铢）
balance weight on scale; hammer
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，银白色，燃烧时发黄绿色火焰。钡的盐类用做高级白色颜料。金属钡是铜精炼时的优良去氧剂。 ～餐（诊断某些食管、胃肠道疾患的检查方法，病人服硫酸钡后，用Ｘ射线透视或拍片）
barium
* 用金属做成的响器，形式不一。 ～铛。～钹。～铎。按～。电～。车～。 * 像铃的东西。 哑～。棉～
bell
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 大铃，形如铙、钲而有舌，古代宣布政教法令用的，亦为古代乐器。盛行于中国春秋至汉代。 木～。铃～。～舞
bell; surname
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种人造放射性元素，是由甲种粒子轰击镅而得到的
berkelium
pí:* 一种金属元素，是坚硬质轻的金属之一，应用于飞机、火箭制造业和原子能工业中。透Ｘ射线的能力最强，可用来制造Ｘ射线管。 pī:* 中医用于针砭的针。 * 两刃小刀："羽族以觜距为刀～"。 * 长矛
beryllium
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素。合金熔点很低，可做保险丝和汽锅上的安全塞等
bismuth
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 马嚼子两端露出嘴外的部分。 分道扬～（喻趋向不同）。 * 同"镖"
bit, bridle; ride
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 马嚼子。 * 用嘴含，用嘴叼。 ～枚。燕子～泥。 * 含在心里。 ～恨。～冤。～恤（含哀，怀着忧伤）。～戢（敛藏于心，表示衷心感激）。 * 接受，奉。 ～命。 * 指前后相接。 ～接。 * 职务和级别的名号。 学～。军～。官～
bit; hold in mouth, bite; gag
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 不锋利，不快，引申为不顺利。 这把刀真～。成败利～。 * 笨，不灵活。 ～滞（ａ．迟钝呆滞；ｂ．不锋利）。迟～。愚～。拙嘴～舌
blunt, obtuse; dull; flat; dull-witted
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
tāng:* 象声词。钟鼓声或锣声。 * 以铁贯物。 * 乐器名，即小镗锣。 táng:* 加工机械零件内孔的一种方法，工件固定在工作台上，刀具装在镗杆上伸入孔内旋转切削
boring tool
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 套在手腕脚腕上的环形装饰品。 ～子。手～。脚～。金～。玉～。 * 古代乐器，形似小钟
bracelet, armband; small bell
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用珠子或玉石等穿起来做成的镯子。 金～。玉～
bracelet, armlet
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 古代兵器，青铜制，像斧，比斧大，圆刃可砍劈，中国商及西周盛行。又有玉石制的，供礼仪、殡葬用。 * 古星名
broad-axe, a battle axe, halberd
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 有彩色花纹的丝织品。 ～旗。～屏。～标。～绣（精美鲜艳的纺织品，喻美丽或美好，如"～～山河"、"～～前程）"。～上添花。 * 鲜明美丽。 ～霞。～缎。～笺。～鸡（鸟，形状和雉相似，雄的头上有金色的冠毛，颈橙黄色，背暗绿色，杂有紫色，尾长，雌的羽毛暗褐色。饲养供玩赏）
brocade, tapestry; embroidered
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"纽"。 * 电器开关或调节设备中通常用手操作的部分。 电～。 * 姓
button, knob; surname
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
gé:* 一种金属元素，用于制合金、釉料、颜料，并用作原子反应堆的中子吸收棒。 lì:* 同"鬲"。古代炊具
cadmium
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种人造的放射性元素
caesium
* 一种金属元素，银白色结晶，有延展性。钙的化合物在工业上、建筑工程上和医药上用途很广
calcium
* 用钢制成的磨钢、铁、竹、木等的工具。 ～刀。钢～。扁～。 * 用锉磨东西。 把铁条～细。 * 古同"挫"，折伤，挫败
carpenter"s file, file smooth
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
bào:* 木工刨平木材的用具。 páo:* "刨"的古字
carpenter"s plane
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 雕刻。 ～版
carve
* 用钢丝锯挖刻木头或塑料等。 把这块板上的花纹～出来
carve
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 雕刻。 ～花。～刻。～空。～骨铭心（喻感激或牢记不忘）。～月裁云（喻巧夺天工的制作）。～尘吹影（喻徒劳）。 * 可供刻镂用的刚坚的铁。 * 古同"漏"，孔穴
carve, inlay, engrave, tattoo
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 锅。 ～盖。 * 古代的大锅。 鼎～（常作为烹人的刑具）。～亨（"亨"，同"烹"）。汤～（古代酷刑，把人投入盛着沸水的锅中煮死）
cauldron, large iron pot
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，是优良的还原剂，可用来制合金
cerium
* 一种金属元素，色白质软，在空气中容易氧化。是制造真空件器、光电管等的重要材料，化学上用做催化剂
cesium
* 用金属环节连套而成的索子。 ～子。～轨（履带）。项～。锁～。～式反应。 * 计量海洋上距离的长度单位，十分之一海里为一链，合185。2米
chain, wire, cable; chain, shack
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，符号Cr，质硬而脆，抗腐蚀性强。用于电镀和制造特种钢
chromium
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～～〕ａ．象声词，金属撞击声；ｂ．喻才能突出，如"铁中～～"；ｃ．喻刚正不阿，如"～～铁骨"。 * （錚）
clanging sound; small gong
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 金属制成的响器，中空，敲时发声。 警～。编～（古代乐器。把一系列铜制的钟挂在木架上组成，用小木槌击奏。各时代形制大小不一，枚数也不同）。～鼎（古铜器总称，上面铭刻文字）。 * 计时的器具。 ～表（钟和表的总称）。座～。～鸣漏尽（晨钟已鸣，夜漏将尽。喻年届迟幕）。 * 指某个一定的时间，小时。 ～头（小时，如"开了一个～～的会"）。 * 杯子。 * 集中，专一。 ～情（感情专注）。～爱（特别爱）。～灵毓秀（指美好的自然环境产生优秀的人物）
clock; bell
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素。钴的放射性同位素钴60在机械、化工、冶金等方面都有广泛的应用，在医疗上可以代替镭治疗癌症
cobalt; household iron
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 钱串，引申为成串的钱。后多指银子或银锭
coins, money, wealth
* 〔～䥈〕小锅。 * 化学元素"鈮"的旧译
columbium
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 烹煮食物或烧水的器具。 饭～。铁～。砂～。火～。～炉。～饼。～巴。～烟子。 * 形状像锅的东西。 烟袋～
cooking-pot, saucepan
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 化学元素"铌"的旧译。 * 一种人造放射性金属元素，原子序数为112，符号为Cn
copernicium
* 一种金属元素，富延展性。导电性和导热性都很强，它的合金是电气、机械和国防工业的重要原料。 紫～（纯铜。亦称"红铜"）。青～。黄～。～矿。～器。～币。～臭（ch恥 ）（指铜钱的臭味，用以讥讽唯利是图的人，如"浑身～～"）。～墙铁壁（喻十分坚固，不可摧毁的事物。亦称"铁壁铜墙"）
copper, brass, bronze
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 仅用于姓氏人名。其他意义简化作"钟"
cup, glass, goblet; surname
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用铜铁等制成的两头有钩可以连合器物裂缝的东西，称"锔子" * 用锔子连合破裂的器物。 ～碗。～锅。～缸
curium
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 铜质圆形的打击乐器，两个圆铜片，中心鼓起成半球形，正中有孔，可以穿绸条等用以持握，两片相击作声
cymbals
* 小钹
cymbals
* 铜质圆形的打击乐器，比钹大。 * 古代军中乐器，像铃铛，但没有中间的锤
cymbals; hand bell; disturb
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 宝剑的剑鼻，剑柄和剑身连接处的两旁突出部分。亦称"剑口"、"剑环"。 * 古代兵器，似剑而狭小
dagger; small sword
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 旧时投掷用的武器，形状像长枪的头。 飞～。保～。～师。～客（即"镖师"）。～头。～局。 * 刀剑鞘末端的铜饰物
dart, spear, harpoon; escort
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 古代举鼎器具，状如钩，铜制，用以提鼎两耳
device for carrying a tripod
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～金〕中国特有的镀金法，所镏的金层经久不退
distil; lutetium; surname
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 安装在车轴头上管住车轮或使轴与齿轮等连接固定的零件，一般是用钢制的长方条（亦称"辖"） 关～。 * 插在门上关锁门户的金属棍子："掌授管～以启闭国门"。 * 琴或机器上使用时用手按动的部分。 ～盘。～子。琴～
door bolt, lock bolt; key
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
zuān:* 用锥状的物体在另一物体上转动穿孔。 ～孔。～木取火。～探。 * 进入。 ～心。～营。 zuàn:* 穿孔洞的用具。 ～床。～头。电～
drill, bore; pierce; diamond
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 箭头，亦指箭。 锋～。鸣～
dysprosium
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 洗涤或盛放东西的陶制的器具。 ～子。饭～。茶～。乳～（研药使成细末的器具）
earthenware basin; alms bowl
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种人造放射性元素
einsteinium (Es)
* 勉励。多用于人名 * 远。 * 姓
endeavor, strive; encourage; cut
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 雕刻，凿。 ～刻。～镂。 * 规劝。 ～说（劝说）。～谕（规劝晓谕）。 * 降级，削职。 ～级。～罚。～汰（裁减冗官）
engraving tool; carve, engrave
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，属稀土金属。银白色。有光泽，质软，能使水分解。用于制玻璃、陶瓷等，亦用于制特种合金
erbium
* 不正确，与实际不符。 差～。过～。～讹。～谬。～觉。～怪。不～。～爱。将～就～。 * 交叉着。 交～。～乱。～杂。～综（纵横交叉）。～动。～落（交错纷杂）。盘根～节。 * 叉开。 ～开。～车。～过机会。 * 用来打磨玉石的石头。 它山之石，可以为～。 * 打磨玉石。 攻～。 * 镀金、银，涂饰。 ～金。～银。～彩镂金
error, blunder, mistake; wrong
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，银白色。用作彩色电视机的荧光粉，在激光材料及原子能工业中有重要的应用
europium
* 一种人造放射性元素
fermium
* 打夯用的重锤
ferrule; castrate
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 套在脚腕上使不能跑的刑具。 脚～。～铐。 * 古代称美好的银子
fetters
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用饵诱鱼上钩。 ～鱼。～饵。垂～。～具。 * 施用手段取得。 沽名～誉
fish; fishhook; tempt, lure
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 把金属放在火里烧，然后用锤子打。 ～工。～件。～接。～炼。～压。～造。 * 锤击："取石来～之"
forge metal; temper, refine
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种放射性元素。 * 古代青铜制方口大腹的容器，用以盛酒或粮食。 * 古代指无足的鼎，今指锅一类的器皿
francium
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 马额头上的金属装饰物，马走动时发出声响。 * 盾背的装饰
frontlet
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
dāng:* 同"当"。 chēng:* 烙饼或做菜用的平底浅锅。 饼～。 * 温器。 酒～。茶～
frying pan; warming vessel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 铸器的模型。 * 销熔。 * 熔化。 * 喻陶冶（思想品质）。 * 古代的矛类武器
fuse, melt, smelt; mold
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，稀土金属。它的氟化物和硫化物都带淡红色。用于微波技术、彩色电视机的荧光粉、原子能工业及配制特种合金
gadolinium
* 一种金属元素，质地柔软，可制合金
gallium
* 一种金属元素，灰白色结晶，质脆，是重要的半导体材料
germanium
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 一头尖锐，可以扎窟窿的工具。 ～子。针～。～处囊中（锥子放在口袋里，锥尖就会露出来。喻有才智的人终能显露头角）。～刀之末（喻微小的利益。亦作"锥刀之利"）。 * 像锥子的东西。 毛～（毛笔）。改～。 * 用锥子形的工具钻。 ～探
gimlet, awl, drill, auger; bore
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"金"。用作偏旁
gold; money; KangXi radical 167