* 同"金"。用作偏旁
gold; money; KangXi radical 167
muWkF6bC
456 
tàng:* 古代磨木使平的石制器具。 tāng:* 〔～锣〕小铜锣。 * （鐋）
gong
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种乐器，铜制，像盘，用槌子敲打出来。 ～鼓经（戏曲打击乐各种谱式的泛称）。～鼓喧天。紧～密鼓
gong
hā:* 一种金属元素，符号Hf，熔点高，与锆共存。用作Ｘ射线管的阴极，铪和钨或钼的合金用作高压放电管的电极。 kē:* 〔～匝〕周匝，环绕，如"紫帷～～，翠屏环合"。 * （鉿）
hafnium
diàn:* 把金属宝石等镶嵌在器物上作装饰。 宝～。螺～。金～。翠～。 * 古代一种嵌金花的首饰。 tián:* 钱，硬币。 铜～。洋～。车～。几多～？
hairpin; gold inlaid work, filigree
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "鐍" 的简体字。 * 拼音jué。 * 箱子上安锁的环形钮。 * 锁："（ 左）震怒， 破～入， 取巫斩廷下。" * 锁闭。 * 喻枢要。 * 戳伤
hasp of a lock
* 好铁
high quality iron
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～铁〕精炼的铁。 * （鑌）
high quality iron
* 刀剑的刃。 剑～
high, lofty; edge of knife
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用剪刀的两刃相夹切，用剪刀剪。 把绳子～开。 * 一种金属切削工具，称"铰刀"（方言，亦指剪刀）。 * 用绞刀切削。 ～孔
hinge; shears, scissors
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～头〕刨土的农具（"头"读轻声）
hoe
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 弄松土地及除草的工具。 ～头。铁～。 * 耪，弄松土地及除草。 ～草。～耘。～地。 * 铲除。 ～奸
hoe; eradicate
* 〔～基〕古代的锄头。亦作"鎡錤"。 * （鎡）
hoe; mattock
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，属稀土金属
holmium
* 悬挂或探取东西用的器具，形状弯曲，头端尖锐。 ～子。秤～儿。火～子。 * 形状像钩子的。 蝎的～子。～针。 * 汉字笔形之一（亅、乛、乚、、、乙等）。 * 用钩形物搭、挂或探取。 ～住树枝爬上去。 * 研究，探寻。 ～玄。～沉。～校（ jiào ）。 * 牵连。 ～党（指相牵连的同党）。 * 同"勾"。 * 一种缝纫法，多指缝合衣边。 ～贴边。 * 古代兵器。 ～戟。纯～（剑名）。吴～（刀名）。 * 镰刀。 * 古代称圆规
hook, barb; sickle; stroke with
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，质软，能拉成细丝。可作低熔合金、轴承合金、半导体、电光源等的原料
indium
* 〔～子〕小块的金锭或银锭。 * 化学元素"鎵"的旧译
ingot; acrobatic move
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
tǐng:* 快走的样子。 ～而走险。 dìng:* 古代称未经冶铸的铜铁。 * 箭头装入箭干的部分。 * 古同"锭"，专门铸成的各种形态的金银块，用以货币流通
ingots, bars of metal; hurry
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 铸、刻或写在器物上记述生平、事迹或警诫自己的文字。 ～刻。～文。～志。墓志～。座右～。 * 在器物上刻字，表示纪念，永志不忘。 ～记。～心。～骨。～诸肺腑（喻永记）。 * 中国古代用于铭刻的文字逐步形成的一种文体，如
inscribe, engrave
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 把物体嵌入另一物体上或加在另一物体的周边。 ～牙。～嵌。～边。 * 铸铜铁器模型的瓤子。 * 古代兵器
insert, inlay, set, mount; fill
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，高温时可压成薄片或拉成丝。它的合金用来制坩埚和金笔笔尖等
iridium
* 一种金属元素，工业上用途极广，可以炼钢，可制各种器械，亦是生物体中不可缺少的物质。 * 形容坚硬。 ～拳。～军。～骑。金戈～马。～汉。～蹄。～腕。 * 形容确定不移。 ～铮铮。～的纪律。～证。 * 形容刚正。 ～面无私。 * 形容表情严肃。 他总是～着脸。 * 黑色。 ～骊。～青。 * 兵器的代称。 手无寸～。 * 姓
iron; strong, solid, firm
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
yuè:* 开锁或上锁的用具。 锁～（ａ．"锁"和"钥"；ｂ．喻重要关键；ｃ．喻边防要地，如"北方～～"）。 yào:* 义同（一） ～匙（开锁、上锁的用具。"匙"读轻声）
key; lock
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
zhēng:* 古代的一种乐器，用铜做的，形似钟而狭长，有长柄可执，口向上以物击之而鸣，在行军时敲打。 zhèng:* 化学元素"镄"的旧称
kind of gong used in ancient times by troops on the march
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 古代的一种兵器，像鞭，四棱
kind of rapier
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 挂在马鞍两旁的铁制脚踏。 马～。～骨（听骨之一，形状像马镫）
lamp; a kind of cooking vessel
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，属稀土金属，可制合金，亦可做催化剂
lanthanum
* 大钟，古代的一种乐器
large bell used as musical instrument
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代钟一类的乐器。 * 古代锄类农具
large bell; hoe, spade
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
diào:* 煮开水熬东西用的器具。 ～子（煎药或烧水用的器具）。沙～。药～儿。 tiáo:* 古代兵器，像矛。 yáo:* 古代一种大锄。 * 姓
large hoe; surname; a spear
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"旋"
lathe
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种人造的放射性元素
lawrencium (Lr)
qiān:* 一种金属元素，可用作耐硫酸腐蚀、防丙种射线、蓄电池等的材料。其合金可作铅字、轴承、电缆包皮等之用。 ～刀（指钝刀子，喻才能微薄）。～球。 * 指用石墨等制成的书写工具。 ～笔。～椠（铅粉笔和木板，古人用以书写的工具，借指著作校勘）。 yán:* 〔～山〕地名，在中国江西省。 * （鉛）
lead
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，是金属中比重最轻的。可应用在原子能工业上，亦可制造特种合金、特种玻璃等
lithium
* 〔～铛〕ａ．囚锁犯人的铁链，如"～～入狱"；ｂ．形容金属撞击的声音。 ｃ．笨重。 * （鋃）
lock
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 印章。 ～记（旧时印的一种）。 * 盖印章。 ～印。～章。 * 锁。 ～键（ａ．锁钥，关键；ｂ。喻机谋）。 * 兵书，谋略。 ～决（泛指兵书或谋略）。～谋（计谋）。韬～（中国古代兵法书《六韬》及《玉钤篇》的合称，亦指用兵谋略）
lock, latch; stamp, seal
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 加在门窗、器物等开合处或连接处，必须用钥匙、密码、磁卡等才能打开的金属装置。 门～。密码～。～钥。 * 用锁锁住。 把门～上。 * 链子；链条。 ～链。枷～。长命～。 * 关闭；幽闭。 闭关～国。经济封～。 * 紧皱；蹙紧。 愁眉深～。 * 一种缝纫方法，用线顺着布边或扣眼密缝。 ～边。～扣眼。 * 姓
lock, padlock; shackles, chains
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～崎〕a。山高峻的样子；b。形容品格特异，不同于众。 * 小而高的山
lofty, towering
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 长矛
long spear
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，属稀土金属，自然界中存在的量很少
lutetium
* 一种金属元素，银白色略有延展性。镁、铝合金可作航空、航天材料。硫酸镁可入药，俗称"泻盐"
magnesium
* 一种金属元素，质硬而脆，在湿空气中氧化。工业上称锰、铬为黑色金属
manganese
* 古代重量单位，合二十两（一说二十四两）
measure of weight for gold
* 古代重量单位，亦是货币单位，标准不一。 * 同"环"，圈形的东西
measure; money, coins
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 化学元素。符号Mt，原子序数109。具强放射性，由人工合成而得
meitnerium
* 把金属熔化后倒在模子里制成器物。 ～铁。～造。～件。熔～。～币
melt, cast; coin, mint
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 熔化金属。 ～金。～毁。 * 去掉。 ～案。～账。～脏。～魂。～蚀。～声匿迹（形容藏起来，不在公开场合出现）。报～。 * 开支，花费。 开～。 * 出卖货物。 ～售。～路。供～。 * 机器或器物上像钉子的零件。 ～子。～钉。插～。 * 把机器上的销子或门窗上的插销推上。 * 古同"消"，消散，消失
melt, fuse; market, sell
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 熔化金属。 众心成城，众口～金。 * 消毁，消损："秦先得齐宋，则韩氏～"。 * 同"烁"
melt, smelt; shine
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种人造的放射性元素
mendelevium (Md)
* 古同"环"，泛指圆圈形物。 * 古钱量名。 * 书法用语，转
metal ring; measure of currency
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
xiǎn:* 有光泽的金属。 ～铁（铸铁，生铁）。 * 小凿。 * 古代钟下的两角。 * 以金装饰弓的两头。 xǐ:* 一种用圆形能旋转的多刃刀具切削金属的专用设备，称"铣床"，上有"铣刀"。 * 在铣床上加工金属工件。 ～削
mill
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 用来映照形象的器具。 ～子（亦指"眼镜"）。～台。～匣。～奁。铜～。穿衣～。 * 利用光学原理制造的各种器具，上面的镜片一般用玻璃制成。 ～头。～片。眼～。胃～。凸～。凹～。三棱～。望远～。显微～。 * 监察，借鉴。 ～戒。 * 照耀："荣～宇宙"
mirror; lens; glass; glasses
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔锟～〕见"锟"
misfit; disordant; music instrument; hoe
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素。可用来生产特种钢，是电子工业的重要材料
molybdenum
* 货币。 铜～。金～。银～。～票。～币。～财。～庄。～粮。 * 费用。 车～。买书的～。 * 财物。 有～有势。 * 圆形像钱的东西。 榆～。荷～。 * 中国市制重量单位，一两的十分之一。 * 姓
money, currency, coins
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代一种长矛。 * 摧残，伤残。 ～羽（羽毛掉落，喻失意受挫折）。～羽之鸟
moult
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
dīng:* 竹木、金属制成的呈条形的、可以打入他物的东西。 ～子。～锤。斩～截铁。 * 紧跟着不放松。 ～梢（同"盯梢"）。 * 督促，催问。 ～问。 dìng:* 把钉或楔子打入他物，把东西固定或组合起来。 ～马掌。～箱子。 * 缝缀。 ～钮扣
nail, spike; pursue closely
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 缝织衣物引线用的一种细长的工具。 ～线。 * 细长像针的东西。 时～。 * 用针扎治病。 ～灸。 * 注射用的器具和药物。 ～头
needle; pin; tack; acupuncture
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，色微黄，稀土金属
neodymium
* 一种放射性金属元素，银白色
neptunium (Np)
* 一种金属元素，可用来制造货币等，镀在其他金属上可以防止生锈
nickel
* 一种金属元素。铌能吸收气体，用作除气剂，也是一种良好的超导体。旧称"钶"
niobium
* 一种人造的放射性元素
nobelium (No)
* 妇女的一种首饰，由两股簪子合成。 金～。玉～。裙～（旧指妇女。亦称"钗裙"）。荆～布裙（形容妇女装束朴素）
ornamental hairpin
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，是金属中比重最大的。可做仪器、钟表的轴承和笔尖、电灯丝等
osmium
bǎ:* 一种金属元素，银白色，富延展性。特别能吸收氢，制造纯氢时用作吸收剂。又可用作催化剂。它的合金可做电器仪表、牙科材料和装饰品。 * 古代称兵车。 * 箭头的一种。 pá:* 同"耙"
palladium
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"抄"。 * 纸币。 ～票。现～。兑换外～
paper money, bank notes; copy
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古人名用字
person"s name
* 一种铁制凿冰工具，称"冰镩"。 * 用冰镩凿。 ～冰
pick, poker
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 夹住，限制，约束。 ～制（用强力限制，使不能自由行动）。～击。 * 夹东西的用具。 ～子。老虎～。平口～。～工
pincers, pliers, tongs; to compress
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 金属板。 ～梁（用钢板和型钢做成工字形截面和箱形截面的梁。用于桥梁、大型厂房等各种工程结构中）。铝～。铅～。钢～
plate
* 用电解等化学方法使一种金属附着在别的金属或物体的表面上，形成薄层。 ～金。～银。电～
plate, coat, gild
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，可制坩锅、蒸发皿，亦是化学上常用的催化剂。铂和铱的合金是制造自来水笔笔尖的材料
platinum; thin sheet of metal
* 一种放射性元素，是原子能工业的重要原料
plutonium
* 金属板
plutonium
* 刀剑锐利的部分。 刀～。剑～。交～。～利。～芒。～镝（泛指兵器；亦喻战争）。 * 器物的尖锐部分。 笔～。针～相对。 * 形容语言的尖锐。 话～。谈～。 * 在前面带头的人。 先～。前～
point of spear, sharp point
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 刀剑等的尖端；锋刃。 锋～。剑～。 * 光芒："雄戟耀～。"
point of sword; sharp point
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 器物等经过擦磨或整理后闪光耀眼。 ～亮。～光明亮
polish
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种放射性金属元素，在铀矿及锡石中有微量存在
polonium
* 一种金属元素。它的化合物在工业上用途很广，对动植物的生长和发育起很大作用
potassium
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 英国的货币单位
pound sterling
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，属稀土金属，用于做特种合金和特种玻璃，亦可做陶器的颜料
praseodymium
* 用手按。 ～钮。～电铃
press
* 一种人造的放射性元素。钷的乙种射线能使磷光体发光，用来制造荧光粉、航标灯，亦用来制造小而轻的原子电池
promethium
* 一种放射性金属元素，为最稳定的同位素。 * 古代称未经炼制的铜铁
protactinium (Pa)
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 成色好的金子
pure gold
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种放射性元素，具有很强的放射性，并能不断放出大量的热。 ～疗（利用镭的γ线或β线进行治疗）
radium
* 宝物，珍宝。 * 坚硬的金属
rare treasure
* 恭敬。 ～佩。～敬。～慕。～赞。～迟（敬仰。旧时书函用语）。 * 封建时代指皇帝亲自所做。 ～命。～赐。～差（ chāi ）（由皇帝派遣，代表皇帝出外处理重大事件的官员）
respect, admire; respectful
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，熔点3180℃，高熔点金属之一，用来制造电灯丝、人造卫星和火箭的外壳、原子反应堆的防护板等，化学上用做催化剂
rhenium
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 一种金属元素，质坚硬，不受酸的侵蚀，可用于制催化剂
rhodium
* 用钉子把金属物连在一起。 ～钉。～接
rivet
* 一种金属元素，化学性质活泼，与水作用能发生爆炸。具有敏锐的光电性能，是制造光电管的材料。铷的碘化物可供药用
rubidium
* 把金属熔化以浇灌堵塞空隙。 ～露（用熔化的金属堵塞金属物品的漏洞，如"～～锅"。亦作"锢漏"）。 * 禁闭。 禁～。～蔽。 * 古同"痼"，痼疾
run metal into cracks; confine
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 金属表面所生的氧化物。 铁～。铜～。～斑。 * 生锈。 ～蚀。锁～住了
rust, corrode
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
liǎo:* 一种金属元素，质坚而脆，银灰色，可以做装饰品。 liào:* 〔～铞儿（ diàor ）〕钉在门窗上可以把门窗扣住的东西
ruthenium
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古代盛羹的小鼎，两耳三足，有盖。 * 指肉菜羹。 * 古通"硎"，磨刀石
sacrificial cauldron
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
shān:* 一种金属元素，灰白色，有放射性，稀土金属。 * 姓。 shàn:* 割庄稼的刀。 ～镰；～刀（均指把儿很长的大镰刀）。 * 抡开镰刀割。 ～草。～麦。 * 大铲
samarium
* 一种金属元素，银白色，质软，易溶于酸。一般在空气中迅速氧化而失去光泽。主要存在于极稀少的钪钇石中。可用以制特种玻璃及轻质耐高温合金等
scandium
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 束缚犯人手的刑具。 手～。镣～。 * 用手铐束缚。 把他～起来
shackles, manacles
* 锋利，尖，与"钝"相对。 ～利。～不可当。 * 感觉灵敏。 敏～。 * 勇往直前的气势。 ～意进取。养精蓄～。 * 精良。 精～。 * 骤，急剧。 ～减，～增
sharp, keen, acute, pointed
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->