中

nyxhIKQd

59 nyxhIKQd
1 疻 U+75BB zhǐ

* 因殴打而形成的皮肤青肿的伤

(translated) A bruise on the skin caused by beating

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E84A
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_75BB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E84A
2 𫖆 U+2B586

* 韩国古籍用字

(translated) Character used in ancient Korean texts

3 𣭓 U+23B53 zhǐ

* 中国人名用字

(translated) Chinese personal name character

4 𧵙 U+27D59 zhǐ

* 中国人名用字

(translated) Chinese personal name character

5 𫪩 U+2BAA9 jiǔ

* 拼音jiǔ。只有

(translated) Only

6 𠷓 U+20DD3 xīn

* 拼音shēng 又音xīn。 * 象声字

(translated) Onomatopoeic character; pronounced shēng, also xīn

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E1DF
7 𩬫 U+29B2B zhǎi

* 拼音zhǎi

(translated) Pronounced zhǎi

8 𦐖 U+26416 zhǐ

* 拼音zhǐ。同"咫"。古代长度单位

(translated) Same as "咫"; ancient unit of length

9 𠙂 U+20642 cóng

* 同"從"。 * 拼音cóng

(translated) Same as "從"

10 𧧹 U+279F9 xì

* 同"徯"

(translated) Same as "徯"

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E1FA
11 𧨍 U+27A0D xì

* 同"徯"。 * 拼音xì。 * 待

(translated) Same as "徯"; wait

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E1FA
12 𣖌 U+2358C zhǐ

* 同"枳"

(translated) Same as "枳"

13 𥿗 U+25FD7 zhī

* 同"织"。中国人名用字

(translated) Same as "织"; Used in Chinese personal names

14 𭣗 U+2D8D7

* 同"翅"

(translated) Same as "翅"

15 𩨵 U+29A35

* 同"胑"

(translated) Same as "胑"

16 𧁤 U+27064 zhī

* 同"𦭜"。中国人名用字

(translated) Same as "𦭜"; used in Chinese personal names

17 𨈪 U+2822A

* 同"肢"

(translated) Same as 肢

18 𡛰 U+216F0 zhí

* 见"嬂"

(translated) See "嬂"

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_F24333_F244
19 𦭜 U+26B5C zhī

* [～箕]一种草，可制草帽等

(translated) a type of grass used for making straw hats, etc

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E3FE51_E4B1
20 𫪉 U+2BA89 zhǐ

* "䨇" 的类推简化字

(translated) analogical simplified form of "䨇"

21 𬋦 U+2C2E6 zhǐ

* "㸕" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音zhǐ。 * 中国人名用字

(translated) analogously simplified form of "㸕"; used in Chinese personal names

22 𬲬 U+2CCAC chì

* "𩞡" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音chì 消化不良。西南官话。 心里～住了

(translated) analogously simplified form of "𩞡"; indigestion (Southwestern Mandarin); to feel uneasy

23 𧊄 U+27284 guǐ

* "蟙" 的类推简化字

(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "蟙"

24 𠤴 U+20934 xì

* 拼音xì。物曲， 曲受

(translated) curved; to be bent

25 嘦 U+5626 jiào

* 方言，只要

(translated) dialect, meaning "only if"

26 鉙 U+9259 zhǎi

* 金

(translated) gold

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_EA7D
27 𧲻 U+27CBB zhǎi

* 拼音zhǎi。豹犬

(translated) leopard hound

28 𤝖 U+24756 zǎi

* 拼音zǎi。豹身上的花纹

(translated) leopard markings

29 𣲵 U+23CB5 zhǐ

* 拼音zhǐ。古河名

(translated) name of an ancient river

30 伿 U+4F3F yì

* 怠慢不敬

(translated) negligent and disrespectful

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4F3F
31 抧 U+62A7 zhǐ zhǎi

zhǐ:* 开。 zhǎi:* 击

(translated) open; strike

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_EA0E
32 𧻍 U+27ECD zhǎi

* 拼音zhǎi

(translated) pronounced as zhǎi

33 𩿦 U+29FE6

* 同"䳅"

(translated) same as "䳅"

34 𧙋 U+2764B zhǐ

* 同"只"

(translated) same as "只"

35 𫪫 U+2BAAB

* 同"𫪩"

(translated) same as "𫪩"

36 𨒅 U+28485 qì

* 拼音qì。绕道而行

(translated) to detour

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_EA6C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E173
37 𩢢 U+298A2 zhǐ

* 拼音zhǐ。《駢雅訓籑· 卷七中·訓籑十五· 釋鳥》："䳅餘， 御火鳥也。按，《 庶物異名疏·二十四· 羽部上》引䳅鵌作～ 餘。"

(translated) used in place of 䳅鵌

38 𮁦 U+2E066

* 的旧字形

(translated) variant form of

39 䳅 U+4CC5 zhǐ

* ［～鵌］鳥名。 * 鳥聲

a kind of bird which shares its nest with rats, sound of birds

40 积 U+79EF jī

* 聚集。 ～少成多。处心～虑。～储。～愤。～郁。～怨。～愿。～累（ lěi ）。～攒。 * 数学上指乘法运算的得数。 ～数。乘～。体～。容～

accumulate, store up, amass

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_ED5037_E1A7
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E77471_E77571_E776
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7A4D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E49883_E49983_E49A83_E49B83_E49C83_E49D83_E49E
41 炽 U+70BD chì

* 热烈旺盛。 ～焰。～热。～烈。～情。白～

burning-hot, intense; to burn, blaze; splendid, illustrious

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_F28A34_F289
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E2EF
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_71BE27_E895
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E4B284_E4B384_E4B484_E4B584_E4B6
42 䛊 U+46CA xī zhī

* 拼音xī。喜笑不止貌

cheerful all the time; without stopping, to tell; to say, to designated, to think

43 䅩 U+4169 zhǐ

zhǐ:* 〔䅩䅓〕➊草木屈曲不伸貌。 * 树枝交结。 qí:* 同"歧"

crooked and winding (of grass, trees, vegetation, flora); crooked branches of a tree adjoin each other; (same as 歧) forked; divergent, anything that goes astray; wayward

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E53A
44 职 U+804C zhí zhì

* 职务，分（ fèn ）内应做的事。 ～业。～务。～守。～权。天～。尽～。 * 职位，执行事务所处的一定地位。 ～工。～位。～员。～称。以身殉～。 * 旧时公文用语，下属对上司的自称。 卑～。～当奉命。 * 掌管。 ～掌。 * 由于。 ～此而已

duty, profession; office, post

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EEFB33_EEFC
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E833
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EC3D71_EC3E
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8077
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F1CA84_F1CB84_F1CC84_F1CD84_F1CE
45 㡶 U+3876 jì zhǐ

* 居卑。 * 住。 * 應

dwell, to live in a depraved (crude; vulgar; inferior) place

46 轵 U+8F75 zhǐ

* 古代指车毂外端的小孔。 * 车轴端，轴头

end of axle; divergent

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8EF9
47 軹 U+8EF9 zhǐ

* 古代指車轂外端的小孔。 * 車軸端，軸頭

end of axle; divergent

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_EC7B
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8EF9
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_E9D694_E9D7
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EF9B81_EF9C81_EF9D81_EF9E81_EF9F81_EFA081_EFA1
48 帜 U+5E1C zhì

* 旗子。 旗～。独树一～（单独打起一面旗号，喻自成一家，亦称"别树一帜"）

flag, pennant; sign; fasten

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5E5F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EA6B83_EA6C
49 咫 U+54AB zhǐ

* 中国古代长度单位（周代指八寸，合现市尺六寸二分二厘） ～尺

foot measure of Zhou dynasty

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_54AB
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F0E4
50 怾 U+603E zhǐ

* 山名。～怛（韩国汉字）

mountain name

51 只 U+53EA zhī zhǐ

zhī:* 量词。 一～鸡。 * 单独的，极少的。 ～身。片纸～字。 zhǐ:* 仅仅，惟一。 ～是（❶仅仅是；❷表示强调限于某个情况或范围；❸但是）。 * 表示限于某个范围。 ～顾。～管。～见树木，不见森林

only, just, simply

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_F6AC41_F6AD41_F6AE41_F6AF41_F6B041_F6B141_F6B241_F6B341_F6B441_F6B541_F6B641_F6B741_F6B841_F6B941_F6BA41_F6BB41_F6BC41_F6BD41_F6BE41_F6BF41_F6C041_F6C141_F6C241_F6C341_F6C441_F6C541_F6C641_F6C741_F6C841_F6C941_F6CA41_F6CB41_F6CC41_F6CD41_F6CE41_F6CF41_F6D041_F6D141_F6D241_F6D341_F6D441_F6D541_F6D641_F6D741_F6D841_F6D941_F6DA41_F6DB41_F6DC41_F6DD41_F6DE41_F6DF41_F6E041_F6E141_F6E241_F6E341_F6E441_F6E541_F6E641_F6E741_F6E841_F6E9
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_F5D331_F5D431_F5D231_F5D031_F5D631_F5D731_F18D31_F5D531_F5D131_F5D831_F5D931_F61531_F5DA31_F5DB31_F5DD31_F5DE31_F5DF31_F5DC
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_EC7B
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_53EA
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EF9B81_EF9C81_EF9D81_EF9E81_EF9F81_EFA081_EFA1
52 识 U+8BC6 shì zhì shí

shí:* 知道，认得，能辨别。 ～辨。～破。～相（ xiàng ）。～途老马。 * 所知道的道理。 知～。常～。 * 辨别是非的能力。 见～。远见卓～。 zhì:* 记住。 博闻强～。 * 标志，记号

recognize, understand, know

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_F405
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E22971_E22A
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B58
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F0BA81_F0BB81_F0BC81_F0BD81_F0BE81_F0BF
53 胑 U+80D1 zhū zhī zhí

* 古同"肢"："四～不动。"

the limbs; the upper arm; wings of birds; legs of animals

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_80D127_80A2
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E6B5
54 齞 U+9F5E yàn niàn

* 齿露唇外："其妻蓬头挛耳，～唇历齿。"

to display the teeth

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9F5E
55 呮 U+546E qì zhī

qì:* 垂足坐。 zhī:* 〔～查〕象声词，形容鸟的叫声，如"孤雁～～叫，琵琶不住弹"

to sit; (Cant.) only, merely; a final particle of intimacy

56 㰨 U+3C28 xiā

* 拼音xiā。见㰰

to take breath or rest (after strenuous exercise), hiccough; shortwindedness

57 䍉 U+4349 qián zhǎi

* 殘缺損傷的痕跡

traces or marks of incomplete or damage

58 枳 U+67B3 zhī zhí zhǐ

* 落叶灌木或小乔木，小枝多刺，果实黄绿色，味酸不可食，可入药（亦称"枸橘"） ～实（中药称"枳"、"构橼"等的近成熟的果实）。～壳（中药称"枳"、"枸橼"等的成熟的果实）

trifoliate orange; hedge thorn; (Cant.) a plug

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_E54952_E54A52_E58E52_E58F51_E3FF56_EA8356_EA84
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E5D271_E5D3
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_67B3
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E5D271_E5D392_E70792_E706
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F31282_F313
59 织 U+7EC7 zhī zhì

zhī:* 用丝、麻、棉纱、毛线等编成布或衣物等。 ～布。编～。～女（❶织布、织绸的女子；❷指织女星）。棉～物。 * 引申为构成。 罗～罪名。 * 用染丝织成的锦或彩绸。 ～锦。～文（即"织锦"）。～贝（织成贝文的锦）。 zhì:* 古同"帜"，旗帜

weave, knit; organize, unite

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_F409
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_ED1971_ED1A71_ED1B
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7E54
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E14C85_E14D85_E14E85_E14F85_E15085_E15185_E15285_E15385_E15485_E15585_E156