* 火貌
(Cant.) to cook in boiling water
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107 
* 同"匣"
(same as 匣) a case; a small box
* 同"柙"。 * 拼音xiá
(same as 柙) a pen for wild beasts; a cage for prisoners
* 同"狎"
(same as 狎) to show familiarity, intimacy, or disrespect (of a tiger)
* 䖬蟲，卽甲蟲，體壁比較堅硬的昆蟲的統稱。如金龜蟲、菜葉䖬等
(translated) Beetles; a general term for insects with relatively hard body walls, such as golden beetles and leaf beetles
* 粤音ngāp。 * 喋喋不休
(translated) Cantonese pronunciation ngāp; garrulous
* 拼音xiān。中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese given name character
* 拼音jiǎ。中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese given name character
* 中国人名用字。 * 《八辅》 第39区， 第27字
(translated) Chinese given name character; Item 27 in Section 39 of 《Ba Fu》
* "庘" 的讹字
(translated) Corrupted form of "庘"
* 羽瓣，羽干两侧由短羽连合而成的瓣状物
(translated) Feather vane, a vane-like structure on both sides of the rachis formed by the joining of short feathers
* 快乐；喜悦
(translated) Happy; Joy
* 〈韓〉俗"玳"字。同"蚮"字
(translated) Korean non-classical form of "玳"; same as "蚮"
* 拼音yā。 * 义未详。 * 《八辅》 第18区， 第44字
(translated) Meaning unknown
* 拼音jué
(translated) Pinyin is jué
* 拼音xiá
(translated) Pinyin: xiá
* 拼音chà。 * 幕宇甲声。 * 雪中行
(translated) Pronounced as chà; Muyu Jia sound; walk in snow
* 拼音cā
(translated) Pronounced as cā
* 读音rap。 * 担子。 * 量词。 担。 * 挑（ 担）。 * 负担， 担当
(translated) Pronunciation: rap; Load; Measure word: dan; To carry on a shoulder pole; Burden, responsibility
* 同"焯"
(translated) Same as "blanch"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"㽠"
(translated) Same as "㽠"
* 同"䶲"
(translated) Same as "䶲"
* 同"倬"
(translated) Same as "倬"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"娀"
(translated) Same as "娀"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音qià。同"掐"。，见《 红楼梦》第38 回
(translated) Same as "掐", meaning pinch
* 同"柙"
(translated) Same as "柙"
* 同"浃"
(translated) Same as "浃"
* 同"牵"。见张涌泉《 汉语俗字丛考》p84
(translated) Same as "牵"
* 同"狎"
(translated) Same as "狎"
* 同"瑁"
(translated) Same as "瑁"; jade tablet part; tortoiseshell
* 同"瑇"
(translated) Same as "瑇"
* 同"甲"。 * 拼音jiǎ。 * 行声
(translated) Same as "甲"; pinyin: jiǎ; phono-semantic compound
* 同"胛"
(translated) Same as "胛"
* 同"阵"
(translated) Same as "阵"
* 同"駥"
(translated) Same as "駥"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"鸭"
(translated) Same as "鸭"
* 同"鸭"
(translated) Same as "鸭"
* 拼音wén。见"𢏌"
(translated) Same as "𢏌"
* 同"𦯑"
(translated) Same as "𦯑"
* 同"𦾏"
(translated) Same as "𦾏"
* 同"𧆥"
(translated) Same as "𧆥"
* 同"𩛩"
(translated) Same as "𩛩"
* 同"𩲣"
(translated) Same as "𩲣"
* 同"𩷳"
(translated) Same as "𩷳"
* 同"𭑷"
(translated) Same as "𭑷"
* 同"𭻛"
(translated) Same as "𭻛"
* 同"鸭"
(translated) Same as duck
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"䶲"
(translated) Same as 䶲; uneven teeth
* 拼音mào。[瑇～] 同"玳瑁"， 一种可作装饰品的龟壳
(translated) Same as 玳瑁, hawksbill turtle shell, a turtle shell for ornaments
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"龜"
(translated) Same as 龜
* 疑同"插"。 * 拼音chā。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "插"; Pinyin chā; Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音xiá。中国人名用字
(translated) Used for Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字。 * 《八辅》 第23区， 第66字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 拼音jiǎ。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音jiǎ。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 人名用字
(translated) Used in given names
* 《阿毘达磨大毘婆沙论》: 部达～部二天王中一能领解一不领解世尊怜愍饶； 叶筏那达刺陀末～婆佉沙覩货罗博喝罗等人来在会坐各各谓
(translated) Used in names of Deva Kings and other entities within the text
* 人名用字。 金炳～
(translated) Used in personal names; e.g., 金炳~
* 古书上说的一种竹。 * 古同"匣"
(translated) a type of bamboo in ancient texts; anciently same as "匣"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
dā:* 竹相击。 xiá:* 古同"筪"，竹名。 nà:* 古同"笝"，系船的竹索
(translated) bamboo striking each other; same as "筪", bamboo name; same as "笝", mooring bamboo rope
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* "陋" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "陋"
* 〔〕花葉重多貌
(translated) describing luxuriant foliage
* 读音rib 指甲，爪
(translated) fingernail; claw
* 拼音jiá。 * 山侧。 * 山峡
(translated) mountain side; mountain gorge
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 玉名
(translated) name of jade
* 拼音xiā。[～～]鼻息
(translated) nasal breathing
* 拼音zhá。俗"閘"
(translated) non-classical form of "閘"
* 读音gyax 孤儿
(translated) orphan
* 〔～鲽（ zhá ）〕重叠，如"～～参差"
(translated) overlapping, as in "魻鲽 (zhá)"
* 拼音jiǎ。窃鬼
(translated) pinyin jiǎ; steal ghost
* 读音ép 约束；阻挡
(translated) restrain; block
* 屋坏。 * 猪屋
(translated) ruined house; pigsty
* 同"戎"
(translated) same as "戎"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"早"
(translated) same as "早"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"早"。 * 拼音zǎo。 * 早晨
(translated) same as "早"; morning
* 同"狎"
(translated) same as "狎"
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"辟"。 * 拼音pì
(translated) same as "辟"
* 同"鸿"
(translated) same as hong
* 肅宗名凞避遼末帝～ 名改頤文宗
(translated) same as 凞; used in the context of name taboo (avoidance) because it was the name of the last emperor of Liao Dynasty
* 拼音jiá。土～
(translated) soil
* 拼音chà。跂足
(translated) to stand on tiptoe
* yaàp [～手] 招手。[～眼] 眨眼；使眼色。（ 字典中的字型是⿰扌⿱ 入甲）。见《 學生粵英詞典》
(translated) wave; blink; wink
* 同"甲"
Semantic variant of 甲: armor, shell; fingernails; 1st heavenly stem
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音ān。霜
Semantic variant of 陜: narrow; mountain pass
yā:* 用针刺穴位。 * 窄小而突起貌。 zā:* 同"拶"
acupuncture, narrow and protrude, (non-classical form of 拶) a torture device in old China consisting of several contracting wooden sticks, in between which the fingers of a suspect are placed and pressed to extort confessions
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 天干的第一位，用于作顺序第一的代称。 ～子。花～（六十岁的人）。 * 居于首位的，超过所有其它的。 ～等。 * 古代科举考试成绩名次的分类。 一～（名为"进士及第"）；二～（名为"进士出身"）；三～（名为"同进士出身"）。 * 古代军人打仗穿的护身衣服，用皮革或金属叶片制成。 盔～。～兵。～士。 * 现代用金属做成有保护功能的装备。 ～板。装～车。 * 某些动物身上有保护功能的硬壳。 龟～。 * 手指或脚趾上的角质硬壳。 指～。 * 旧时户口编制单位。 保～。～长。 * 植物果实的外壳。 ～坼（外表裂开）。 * 同"胛"，肩胛
armor, shell; fingernails; 1st heavenly stem
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 亲近而态度不庄重。 ～侮。～弄。～昵。～客（嫖客）。 * 习惯。 * 更替。 * 拥挤。 车骑并～
be familiar with; disrespect
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jiá。 * 大。 * 《八辅》 第17区， 第1字
big; extremely; great; vast; extensive; tall
* 关闭猛兽的笼槛，亦指押解犯人的囚笼或囚车。 * 古同"匣"，收藏东西的器具
cage, pen for wild animals
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 两山之间。 山～。 * 突入海中的陆地。 ～角（突入海中陆地的尖端）
cape; promontory, headland
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 鸟类的一科，嘴扁腿短，趾间有蹼，善游泳，不能高飞。 ～子。～蛋。～绒。烤～。填～
duck; Anas species (various)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 鳥類的一科，嘴扁腿短，趾間有蹼，善游泳，不能高飛。 ～子。～蛋。～絨。烤～。填～
duck; Anas species (various)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xiá。多言
loquacious
* 拼音yā。 * [～渫]( 水波)荡漾之状。 * [～㴙] 下湿
marshy; swampy, damp; moist
* 在文书、契约上签名或画记号。 画～。签～。 * 把财物交给人作保证。 ～租。～金。～当（ dàng ）。典～。 * 拘留。 看（ kān ）～。拘～。～禁。 * 跟随看管。 ～送。～运。 * 同"压"，用于"押宝"、"押队"、"押韵"。 * 姓
mortgage, pledge; deposit; to pawn; to arrest, detain, guard
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔艋～〕旧地名，在今中国台湾省台北市。 * 船
place name in Taiwan, Taipei; a boat
* 一种金属元素。它的化合物在工业上用途很广，对动植物的生长和发育起很大作用
potassium
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一種金屬元素。它的化合物在工業上用途很廣，對動植物的生長和發育起很大作用
potassium kalium
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 螺类介壳口圆片状的盖。 * 蟹腹下面的薄壳
shell
* 见"厣"
shell