* 《孔雀经音义》: 矣我师高明春秋～盛亲承示诲诚无所误阿难默然退而叹曰我
(translated) flourishing
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* 读音sùm 繁茂的，丰富的
(translated) flourishing; rich
* 拼音zú。飞得很快的样子
(translated) flying rapidly
* 拼音liú。[～] 鼯鼠
(translated) flying squirrel
* 《续通志》："…… 呼不能以画一也沈括梦溪笔谈梵学喉牙齿舌唇之外又有折摄二声折声自脐轮起至唇上发如字浮金反之类是也摄声鼻……"
(translated) folded sound, originating from the navel chakra and articulated on the lips, such as the sound "fǎn"
* 拼音jié。食
(translated) food
* 读音âu 盛食物的碗
(translated) food bowl
* 拼音dèng。 * 祭祀用的食品。 * 饱。 * dèng不消化； 胀。吴语。 饭吃～牢。 吃～勒
(translated) food for sacrificial rites; full; indigestion; bloating (in Wu dialect)
* 拼音jūn。饼一类的食品
(translated) food like cake; pastry
* 搁置食品的架子
(translated) food rack
* đúc锻， 铸，熔
(translated) forging; casting; melting
* 拼音líng。[～䯕] 骨头长的样子
(translated) form of bone growth
* 化学元素"锇"的旧译。 * 化学元素"镅"的旧译
(translated) former translation for the chemical element Osmium; former translation for the chemical element Americium
* 狸。 * 古同"来"："氐羌～服。"
(translated) fox; anciently same as "来"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 香气："径兰销晚～。"
(translated) fragrance; aroma; scent
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音thơm 香，芳香
(translated) fragrant; aromatic
* 读音tho 芬芳的，散发香味的
(translated) fragrant; aromatic
* 香。 * 香味浓。 * 微香
(translated) fragrant; strong fragrance; faint fragrance
* 读音rểnh 自由、悠闲、 从容
(translated) free; leisurely; composed
* 拼音kě。 * 蛙类。 * 蛙声
(translated) frogs; croaking
* 读音trái 果实
(translated) fruit
* 《四分律》: 有病比丘医教服～罗佛言听比丘有病因縁尽形寿服尔时病比； 浆酸枣浆甘蔗浆～果浆舍楼伽浆婆楼师浆蒲桃浆尔时施卢婆
(translated) fruit
* 拼音bó。[～饇] 饱
(translated) full
* 拼音yì。饱
(translated) full
* 拼音jiōng。饱
(translated) full
* 读音no 饱足，富足
(translated) full; abundant
* 拼音líng。食饱
(translated) full; satiated
* 同"饱"
(translated) full; satiated
* 拼音pì。 * 饱。 * bì[～饱] 饱了。吴语、 客话。[～～]闽语。 * 肌肉结实。 * 壮年人
(translated) full; satiated; muscular; sturdy; adult; man in his prime
* 拼音xiǎn。古代少数民族用的毛皮被子
(translated) fur bedding used by ancient minority groups
* 拼音xiòng。马怒
(translated) furious horse
xù:* 狂；怒。 miè:* 同"烕"
(translated) furious; rage; same as "烕"
* 读音ngòi 引线，导火索
(translated) fuse
fén:* 同"焚"。烧。 bèn:* 火艳
(translated) fén: same as 焚, burn; bèn: flaming fire
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音dá。马行进的样子
(translated) gait of a horse
* 赌
(translated) gamble
* 恐惧而喘息
(translated) gasping with fear
* 拼音zhòu。众言会集
(translated) gathering of many speeches
* 目光："怒目电～。"
(translated) gaze
* 拼音zhòu。鞍辔等的统称
(translated) general term for horse tack
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* [㝞～]女子作姿態。 * [～虎]嚇人的模樣
(translated) gesture of a woman; frightening appearance
* 拼音líng。鬼乞讨食物
(translated) ghost begging for food
* 拼音qú。[～] 鬼求食
(translated) ghost begs for food
* 《释摩诃衍论勘注》: 提邬反云鬼集林～末那提反云怖香梵檀只多那林反云圣君山
(translated) ghost forest; frighteningly fragrant sandalwood forest; sacred mountain of a sage ruler
* 拼音líng。鬼名
(translated) ghost name
* 银杏树："（指木质）檀柏柘黄，蒲～棫白。"
(translated) ginkgo tree
* 拼音xià。人名
(translated) given name
* 读音xớt，"ngọt～" 油嘴滑舌的，花言巧语的
(translated) glib; smooth-tongued; flowery words
* 豆之享而迨今朱遑實是士林莫大之～ 典而至於
(translated) glory; honor; reputation
* 拼音dūn。贪食
(translated) gluttonous
* 拼音ào。妬食
(translated) gluttonous
* 贪吃
(translated) gluttonous
* 拼音chàn。贪食
(translated) gluttonous
* 读音ngah。 * 馋。 * 爱好， 喜欢
(translated) gluttonous; to like; to be fond of
* 同"齧"
(translated) gnaw; bite
* 拼音zhí。啃咬
(translated) gnaw; bite
* 拼音zhā。 * 啃咬。 * 大齿。 * zhā声音过大。 多指尖声说话或叫喊。西南官话。 那个女生～声～ 气
(translated) gnaw; bite; large teeth; loud "zhā" sound, often describing a shrill voice in speaking or shouting; Southwestern Mandarin dialect
* 拼音yuè。 * 出走。 * 同"䠯"
(translated) go away; run away; same as "䠯"
* 金
(translated) gold
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 金刀
(translated) gold knife
* 金子。 * 箭头装入箭杆的部分
(translated) gold; tang of an arrowhead
* 金色渝
(translated) golden color 渝
* 金毛
(translated) golden hair
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 金圭
(translated) golden jade tablet
cuō:* 金光。 chā:* 钱的别名。 * 锉，一种使工件平滑的工具
(translated) golden light; alias for money; file, a tool for smoothing workpieces
* 读音chiêng 锣
(translated) gong
* 拼音zhuǎ。好貌
(translated) good appearance
* 拼音shǐ。牙齿好
(translated) good teeth
zuì:* 庄稼抽穗开花而不结实。 * 聚集。 zú:* 禾抽穗向上的样子。 sū:* 莠
(translated) grain crops ear and blossom but do not bear fruit; gather; appearance of grain ears pointing upwards; weed
* rén ㄖㄣˊ 禾将结实
(translated) grain is about to ripen
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音liáo。盛大
(translated) grand
* 读音túm 抓住，捆住
(translated) grasp, seize; bind
* 读音tóm [～ 罟]抓住。[～]总结
(translated) grasp; summarize
* 拼音jì。小草
(translated) grass
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 坟："于云阳得少昊之～。"
(translated) grave
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 读音cuoi， 砾石
(translated) gravel
* 拼音yuān。贪
(translated) greedy
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～欨（ xū ）〕馋的样子
(translated) greedy look
* 〔～㰠〕贪婪的样子
(translated) greedy look
* 拼音jué。磨
(translated) grind
* 拼音qiè。上下齿相磨， 切齿
(translated) grinding upper and lower teeth; gnash teeth
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 呻吟。也作"㕧"
(translated) groan; also written as 㕧
* 读音gyoengq。 * 帮， 群，伙。 * 代名词的词头：[～]他们
(translated) group; gang; company; fellows; pronoun prefix, as in "[~] they"
* 拼音yíng。卫
(translated) guard
* 拼音hán。牙龈
(translated) gum
* 拼音è。齿龈有廉堮
(translated) gums having lián"è
* 读音lợi 牙龈，牙床
(translated) gums; gum ridge
* 读音kíp 枪; 炮
(translated) gun; cannon
* 刃柄
(translated) haft
jì:* 发结："大率皆魁头露～。" * 束发为髻："将冠者，采衣，～。" * 不明了；不省悟。 jié:* 古同"结"。 jiè:* 紫青色的绶带
(translated) hair knot; to tie up hair in a topknot; unclear; unaware; ancient form of "结"; purplish-blue ribbon
* 读音quầng 光晕; 光环
(translated) halo; aureole
* 拼音tái。[欯～] 喜
(translated) happy; joy
* 高兴；适意："散帙挥毫总不～。"
(translated) happy; pleased; content
* 刚
(translated) hard
* 坚硬："～如石焉。"
(translated) hard
* 谐
(translated) harmonious
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xī。和声
(translated) harmonious sound
* 憎恶。 * 蹩闷。 * 形容眉目的相貌
(translated) hatred; detestation; abhorrence; frustrated and uneasy; depressed; describing the look of facial features
* 拼音hái。首， 头
(translated) head
* 头巾。 * 耳垂
(translated) headscarf; ear lobe
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yē。同"暍"。中暑
(translated) heatstroke; same as 暍
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->