* 《吽迦陀野仪轨》: 手小指押其母指～三指立安脐上其持呪应以恶意而现瞋相眞
(translated) refers to a hand gesture in which the little finger is pressed against the thumb and the three fingers are held upright and placed on the navel
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* 《陀罗尼集经》: 屈臂横在左脚髀～间覆手把一物物作緑色其物向上头少渐尖
(translated) refers to a posture described in *Dharani Collection Sutra*: bent arm placed horizontally in the space of the left thigh, palm down, holding a green object pointing upwards with a slightly pointed top
* 拼音yáo。[～芅] 羊桃，五敛子和弥猴桃等植物的别称
(translated) refers to alternative names for plants such as starfruit, bilimbi, and kiwifruit; In [𦾺芅]
* 《三宝感应要略録》: 各一躯状若僧貌～披而坐时人瞻礼异光焕发至麟徳元年寺僧
(translated) refers to statues with monk-like appearance, draped and seated, which were revered and worshipped by people at that time for radiating extraordinary light, even by temple monks during the Linde era
* ～升尙瑞院官捧寶置於案繖扇侍衛如常儀諸護之官
(translated) refers to the scene where a promoted official of the Shangrui Yuan (an imperial institution) holds a treasure and places it on a table; ceremonial parasols, fans, and guards/attendants are present as in regular rituals; various officials responsible for protection are also involved
* [～蝑]即蚣蝑。螽斯别名
(translated) refers to 蚣蝑, i.e. 螽斯, alias katydid
* 马缰绳
(translated) reins
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
sōu:* 〔搂～〕取。 sǒng:* 摇动马衔使马快跑
(translated) related to "lóu~" [lǒu], to take; to shake the horse"s bit to make the horse run fast
* 拼音zī。[?(jū)～]无廉
(translated) related to [jū]~; shameless
* 邑先生案壹卷入盛樻子縣司上洗手鍮手～ 貳坐合造壹坐
(translated) related to a brass hand basin for washing hands; two seats combined to make one seat
* 拼音lǐng。 * "～" 箱笼之类。 * 装小鱼虾之类的小竹器。 粤语
(translated) related to boxes, baskets, etc.; small bamboo container for holding small fish and shrimp, etc. (Cantonese)
* 合之～ 未能洒掃墓所悲愴難堪○十二日辛卯猶子陪嫂氏往
(translated) related to combining
* 女羼～。 屢欲迫出。余固厭魗。 决志分貳。文藁所傳
(translated) related to women mingling
* 相及。 * 远
(translated) related to; distant
* 拼音zhāi。日月～ 食
(translated) relating to solar or lunar eclipse
* 拼音dìng。馀声
(translated) remaining sound; aftersound
* 拼音làn。米再舂
(translated) repounding rice
* 《大正新脩大藏經 悉曇部》原文:" 嚩·婆· 啝·啝· 媻·～(切身慈氏)(切身同軌)
(translated) representing sounds: va, bha, he, he, po, and a symbol ~; personally related to Maitreya; personally related to the same principle
* "鷸， 餘律、時律二切，～ 鷸似燕紺色生鬰林知天將雨鳥也故知天文者冠鷸。"
(translated) resembles a swallow, is dark blue, lives in dense forests, and is a bird that knows when it will rain; therefore, those knowledgeable in astronomy would wear sandpipers
* 火貌
(translated) resembles fire
* 〔～匌〕重迭的样子
(translated) resembling overlapping; appearance of overlapping
* 拼音lǒng。[～] 黏着的样子
(translated) resembling stickiness
* 怨恨
(translated) resentment
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 怨恨。 * 忧惧。 * 慬。 * 急
(translated) resentment; anxiety; prudent; urgent
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音sàn。抵～
(translated) resist
* 拼音tà。抵
(translated) resist; oppose
* 拼音lǐng。光彩照人的样子
(translated) resplendent
gāi:* 拘束；约束。 * 挂。 hài:* 大丝。 * 古通"骇"，惊骇
(translated) restrain; bind; hang; thick silk; anciently interchangeable with "骇", terrified
* 読音sakahoko。 逆刃矛
(translated) reverse blade spear
* 拼音kǎn。反
(translated) reverse; opposite; contrary
* 拼音suī。饭
(translated) rice
* 拼音tuán。用米粉做成的球状食品
(translated) rice ball
* 米餌；同"𥼸"
(translated) rice cake; same as "𥼸"
* 米餌；同"𥼸"
(translated) rice cake; same as "𥼸"
* 垄，在耕地上培成的一行一行的土埂，在上面种植农作物："移栽之法，锄地分～，使无积水，于～背分行栽之。"
(translated) ridge; a row of raised earth, formed on cultivated land for planting crops
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yú。[邪～] 同"揶揄"， 嘲弄，戏侮
(translated) ridicule; tease; mock
* 拼音xú。车軨
(translated) rim
* 读音võng 环，圈。 * [䀡～] 环顾
(translated) ring; circle
* 环。 * 刺
(translated) ring; prick
* 拼音tì。涤麵
(translated) rinse noodles
* 拼音yīn。水名
(translated) river name
* 拼音xié。水名
(translated) river name
* 拼音kuǎn。水名
(translated) river name;
* 锔子、扒钉。 * 纽带（日本汉字）
(translated) rivet, cotter pin; bond (Japanese Kanji)
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 道路
(translated) road
* 读音gầm 咆哮
(translated) roar; howl
* 拼音xiè。烤。 冀鲁官话、西南官话
(translated) roast; Ji-Lu Mandarin, Southwestern Mandarin dialects
* 拼音fú。炙
(translated) roast; broil
* 同"炙"
(translated) roast; broil
* 烤："（曲端）为张浚所忌，诬以反，下恭州狱，糊其口，～之以火，干渴求饮。"
(translated) roast; to roast
* 拼音gùn。烧烤的鹅、 鸭等食品
(translated) roasted goose, duck, and other roasted fowl
* 健貌
(translated) robust appearance
* [～～(phốppháp)]魁梧
(translated) robust; burly
rén:* 刀口卷折："今剑或绝侧羸文，齧缺卷～"。 * 弱。 rěn:* 〔鍖～〕声音舒缓
(translated) rolled edge of a blade; weak; describing a slow and gentle sound
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～蘼（ mí ）〕蔷薇
(translated) rosaceae
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音naeuh 腐烂
(translated) rot
* 读音rữa 烂，腐
(translated) rotten; decayed
* 烂。 * 堕
(translated) rotten; degenerate
* 拼音kǎn。[～窞] 坎坷不平
(translated) rough and uneven; used in the term 𥦔窞 (kǎndǎn) to describe something bumpy or not flat
* 拼音bìng。毛相
(translated) rough appearance; coarse appearance
* 眼睛圆大
(translated) round and large eyes
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 圆鉟
(translated) round 鉟
* 读音tròn。 * 圆， 圆形。 * 完全， 完整，整整
(translated) round; circular; completely; whole; entire
* 鄕風日頹鄒魯而爲互鄕士習日卑衿佩而成蠻～ 震明之伯
(translated) rude; barbarian
* 仍上道藏谷。 自水口轉輾而進。石路～ 犖
(translated) rugged
* 亦不幸丙子之亂 鞠爲烸～ 惟丈室數間 蕭然獨存
(translated) ruined
* 麋鹿反芻。 * 麋鹿的胃
(translated) rumination of Père David"s deer; stomach of Père David"s deer
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
juàn:* 流言。 * 营救；追求。 * 远。 xuān:* 多言
(translated) rumor; rescue; pursue; far; talkative
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xì。流鼻涕
(translated) runny nose
* 读音myaex。 汉语意义"锈"
(translated) rust
zhù:* 祭祀。 * 一种糕饼。 tǒu:* 古同"餢"
(translated) sacrifice; pastry; ancient form of "餢"
* 拼音yú。祭祀名
(translated) sacrificial term
* 拼音jǐ。马鞍
(translated) saddle
* 拼音xiào。悲意
(translated) sadness
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 面黄肌瘦
(translated) sallow and emaciated
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 疑同
(translated) same as
* 同。 * 拼音chuō
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同。 * 拼音róng
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同"䶎"
(translated) same as
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同"燎"
(translated) same as "burn"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"忙"
(translated) same as "busy"
* 同"铸"
(translated) same as "cast"
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 同"炭"
(translated) same as "charcoal"
* 同"斫"
(translated) same as "chop"
* 同"悖"
(translated) same as "contrary";
* 同"死"
(translated) same as "die"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"馔"
(translated) same as "dishes"； same as "delicacies"
* 同"食"
(translated) same as "eat"
* 同"匀"。 * 拼音yún。 * 齐遍
(translated) same as "even"; uniform
* 同"焰"
(translated) same as "flame";
* 同"锻"
(translated) same as "forge"