中

反

Unicode: U+53CD

Pinyin: fǎn fān

Definition

* 翻转，颠倒。 ～手（ａ．翻过手，手到背后；ｂ．反掌）。～复。～侧。 * 翻转的，颠倒的，与"正"相对。 正～两方面的经验。～间（利用敌人的间谍，使敌人内部自相矛盾）。～诉。～馈。适得其～。物极必～。 * 抵制，背叛，抗拒。 ～霸。 * 和原来的不同，和预感的不同。 ～常。 * 回击，回过头来。 ～驳。～攻。～诘。～思。～躬自问。 * 类推。 举一～三

reverse, opposite, contrary, anti

Structure

反 graph

Related substructures

kIuiz9Vy DLamZpyc

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_EF7341_EF74
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EFCF31_EFD231_EFD031_EFD131_EFD331_EFD831_EFD531_EFD431_EFD631_EFD7
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_F0FD51_F0FE51_F0F851_F0F951_F0FA51_F0FB51_F0FC55_F20855_F21255_F20B55_F21955_F20C55_F20D55_F20E55_F20F55_F21155_F21055_F20A55_F20955_F21355_F21455_F21555_F21655_F21755_F218
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E2E671_E2E7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_53CD27_E290
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E2E671_E2E791_F0F291_F0F391_F0F491_F0F591_F0F691_F0F791_F0F891_F0F991_F0FA91_F0FB91_F0FC71_E8DF91_F0FD
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F5BB81_F5BC81_F5BD81_F5BE81_F5BF81_F5C081_F5C1

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC