中

商

Unicode: U+5546

Pinyin: shāng

Definition

* 两个以上的人在一起计划、讨论。 ～量。～讨。～议。～定。～榷。～酌（商量斟酌）。相～。磋～。洽～。协～。 * 买卖，生意。 ～业。～店。～界。～品。～标。 * 古指行商（坐商为"贾"，后泛指做买卖的人，亦用以指从事私营工商业的人） ～人。～贩。～贾（gǔ ㄍㄨˇ）（商人）。～旅。 * 数学上指除法运算中的得数。 ～数。 * 中国朝代名。 ～代。 * 中国古代五音之一，相当于简谱"2"。 * 星名，二十八宿之一，即"心宿"。 * 姓

commerce, business, trade

Structure

商 graph

Related substructures

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Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_EBD141_EBD241_EBD341_EBD441_EBD541_EBD641_EBD741_EBD841_EBD941_EBDA41_EBDB41_EBDC41_EBDD41_EBDE41_EBDF41_EBE041_EBE141_EBE241_EBE341_EBE441_EBE541_EBE641_EBE741_EBE841_EBE941_EBEA41_EBEB41_EBEC41_EBED41_EBEE41_EBEF41_EBF041_EBF141_EBF241_EBF341_EBF4
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EADD31_EAF031_EAF331_EAF431_EAF231_EAF631_EAF831_EAF931_EAF131_EAFF31_EAF531_EAF731_EAFD31_EAFB31_EAFA31_EAE031_EADF31_EAE531_EADE31_EAE231_EB0031_EAE431_EAE331_EAE131_EAEF31_EAFC31_EAEC31_EB0131_EAE631_EAE731_EAEE31_EB0231_EAED31_EAEB31_EAE831_EAE931_EAEA31_EAFE
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_EC5055_EC7C55_EC7D
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E1F0
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_554627_E1E027_E1E127_E1E2
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E1F091_EC3091_EC3191_EC3291_EC3591_EC3691_EC3791_EC3891_EC3391_EC34
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EFA481_EFA581_EFA681_EFA781_EFA881_EFA981_EFAA81_EFAB81_EFAC81_EFAD81_EFAE81_EFAF81_EFB081_EFB181_EFB281_EFB381_EFB481_EFB581_EFB681_EFB781_EFB881_EFB981_EFBA81_EFBB81_EFBC81_EFBD81_EFBE

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC