中

外

Unicode: U+5916

Pinyin: wài

Definition

* 与"内"、"里"相对。 ～边。～因。里应（ yìng ）～合。～行（ háng ）。 * 不是自己这方面的。 ～国。～路（同"外地"）。～族。～省。～星人。 * 指"外国" ～域。～宾。～商。 * 称母亲、姐妹或女儿方面的亲戚。 ～公。～婆。～甥。 * 称岳父母。 ～父。～姑（岳母）。 * 称丈夫。 ～子（亦指非婚生之子）。 * 关系疏远的。 ～人。 * 对正式的而言，指非正式的。 ～号（绰号）。～史（指正史以外的野史、杂史和以叙述人物为主的旧小说）。～传（ zhuàn ）。 * 传统戏剧角色名。 ～旦。～末。～净

out, outside, external; foreign

Structure

外 graph

Related substructures

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Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_EF58
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_F0FB32_F0FD32_F0FC32_F10232_F0FE32_F0FF32_F10132_F100
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_EEA952_EEA052_EEA152_EEA252_EEA352_EEA452_EEA552_EEA652_EEA752_EEA856_F05856_F05756_F05456_F05556_F05656_F05956_F05A56_F06A56_F06B56_F06956_F06856_F05B56_F05C56_F05D56_F06756_F05E56_F05F56_F06056_F06156_F06256_F06556_F06356_F06456_F066
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E73F71_E74071_E74271_E741
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_591627_E5BA
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_EF1B92_EF1E92_EF1F71_E73F71_E74092_EF2092_EF2192_EF2292_EF2792_EF2871_E74271_E74192_EF1D92_EF2392_EF2492_EF2592_EF2692_EF2992_EF2A92_EF2B92_EF2C
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E33C83_E33D83_E33E83_E33F83_E34083_E34183_E34283_E34383_E34483_E345

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC