中

孝

Unicode: U+5B5D

Pinyin: xiào

Definition

* 对父母尽心奉养并顺从。 ～敬。～廉（①中国汉代选拔官吏的科目之一，"孝"指孝子；"廉"指廉洁的人；②中国明、清两代对举人的称呼）。～道。～子贤孙。 * 居丧的事。 守～。吊～。 * 丧服。 戴～。～衣。 * 姓

filial piety, obedience; mourning

Structure

孝 graph

Related substructures

lcoIbD1t

Precursors

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E2A233_E2BC33_E2B533_E2A033_E2A133_E2C033_E2B433_E2BF33_E2BB33_E2A533_E2BD33_E2C333_E2A333_E2AE33_E2A733_E2A833_E2A633_E2BA33_E2AB33_E2BE33_E2C133_E2C233_E2B733_E2A933_E2B633_E2B833_E2AF33_E2A433_E2AD33_E2CC33_E2B933_E2CB33_E2AA33_E2C633_E2C733_E2AC33_E2B333_E2B033_E2B133_E2C433_E2C533_E2B2
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_F68456_F67A56_F67B56_F67D56_F67E56_F67C56_F67F56_F68056_F68156_F68256_F68356_F68556_F68656_F68756_F68956_F68856_F68C56_F68A56_F68B
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E96C71_E96D
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5B5D
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_E1EA71_E96C71_E96D93_E1EB93_E1EC93_E1ED93_E1EE93_E1EF94_ED0593_E1F293_E1F393_E1F493_E1F593_E1F693_E1F093_E1F1
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F06583_F06683_F06783_F06883_F06983_F06A83_F06B83_F06C83_F06D83_F06E83_F06F83_F070

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC