批
Definition
* 用手掌打。 ～颊（打嘴巴）。 * 刮。 ～凿。 * 口头或用文字判定是非、优劣、可否。 ～准。～示。～复。～语。～阅。～判。眉～（写在书页天头上的批语）。 * 大量。 ～购。～销。 * 量词，用于大宗的货物或数量众多的事物。 一～货物。 * 棉麻等未捻成线、绳时的细缕。 线～儿
comment, criticize; wholesale
Structure
Related substructures
Precursors
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
Liushutong Seal Forms
Pre-Qin to Han seal-type forms (≤220 CE) / compiled 1661 (Min Qiji); collated and printed 1720 (Bi Hongshu)
A ten-volume compendium of seal-script variants arranged by the rhymes of Hongwu Zhengyun: each head character gives its Shuowen small seal form, then variants gathered from guwen, zhouwen, bronze inscriptions and Qin–Han seals. Long a standard reference for seal carvers, but the forms are compiled rather than excavated and were collected with little vetting, so many are of doubtful authenticity.Wikimedia Commons ->