中

族

Unicode: U+65CF

Pinyin: còu zòu zú

Definition

* 亲属，泛指同姓之亲。 ～规。～长。家～。 * 指具有共同起源和共同遗传特征的人群。 种～。 * 指在历史上形成的人群的稳定共同体，他们有共同的语言、经济生活以及表现于共同文化上的心理素质。 民～。 * 聚居而有血统关系的人群的统称。 宗～。氏～。部～。 * 事物有共同属性的一大类。 芳香～。 * 封建时代的一种残酷刑罚，一人有罪，把全家或包括母亲、妻家的人都杀死。 ～灭。 * 聚合，集中。 云气不待～而雨

a family clan, ethnic group, tribe

Structure

族 graph

Related substructures

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Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_EE6242_EE6342_EE6442_EE6542_EE6642_EE6742_EE6842_EE6942_EE6A42_EE6B42_EE6C42_EE6D42_EE6E42_EE6F42_EE7042_EE7142_EE7242_EE7342_EE7442_EE7542_EE7642_EE7742_EE7842_EE79
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_EFC132_EFC232_EFC432_EFC532_EFC332_EFC632_EFC832_EFC7
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
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Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E71F
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_65CF
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E71F92_EE6292_EE6392_EE6492_EE6592_EE6792_EE66
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E22B83_E22C83_E22D83_E22E83_E22F83_E23083_E23183_E23283_E23383_E23483_E23583_E23683_E23783_E23883_E239

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC