研
Definition
yán:* 细磨（ mó ），碾。 ～磨。～药。～墨。 * 深入地探求。 ～究。钻～。～京练都（ dū ）（晋代左思作《三都赋》构思了十二年，后遂用"研京练都"形容经年累月地构思文章）。 yàn:* 同"砚"，砚台
grind, rub; study, research
Structure
Related substructures
Precursors
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC