中

艰

Unicode: U+8270

Pinyin: jiān

Definition

* 困难。 ～难。～辛。～险。～深。～涩（形容晦涩难懂的文词）。～贞（处境艰难而能忠贞不移）。～苦卓绝（艰苦程度超过一切，无可比拟）。 * 旧时指父母亲丧事。 丁～。母～

difficult, hard; distressing

Structure

艰 graph

Related substructures

kIuiz9Vy 3z9ehq38 36HYlVtD

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_F4C742_F4C842_F4C942_F4CA42_F4CB42_F4CC42_F4CD42_F4CE42_F4CF42_F4D042_F4D142_F4D242_F4D342_F4D442_F4D542_F4D642_F4D742_F4D842_F4D942_F4DA42_F4DB42_F4DC42_F4DD42_F4DE42_F4DF42_F4E042_F4E142_F4E242_F4E342_F4E442_F4E542_F4E6
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_E07A34_E07B34_E07D34_E07C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_827127_EB7F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E6DC85_E6DD85_E6DE85_E6DF85_E6E085_E6E185_E6E285_E6E385_E6E4

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC