負

Unicode: U+8CA0

Pinyin: fù

Variants:偩孵负

Related substructures

Precursors

Qin Script

c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)

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Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->

Small Seal Script

Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin

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The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->

Clerical Script

c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)

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A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms

Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)

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Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->