中

Structure 白 | HanziFinder

1229 1EKB3JHh
白
501 𤾊
U+24F8A chóu
Variants: 疇

* 同""。代词。谁

(translated) same as ""; pronoun, who
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E30F
502 稭
U+7A2D jiē
Variants: 鞂 𥚺 𥞨

* 同""

stalk of grain, rice, corn, hemp
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E5E1
503 䔌
U+450C gāo
Variants: 𦺆

* 拼音gāo。[～苏] 见䓘

name of a variety of grass, (Pueraria thunbergiana); the white birch
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E08B
504 鄕
U+9115 xiàng xiāng xiǎng
Variants: 鄉

* 同""

country; rural; village
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_ED43
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E66E33_E68D33_E66D33_E67D33_E69033_E67133_E67733_E67833_E66F33_E68133_E67333_E67433_E69133_E67533_E67E33_E67033_E68F33_E68233_E68E33_E69233_E67633_E69333_E68633_E69A33_E68A33_E68733_E68833_E68033_E6A133_E69B33_E6A933_E69C33_E6A233_E6A733_E68333_E68433_E67A33_E67B33_E67933_E69E33_E69D33_E6A533_E6A033_E6A833_E6A433_E6A333_E69433_E68533_E6A633_E69533_E69633_E69733_E69F33_E67C33_E67233_E69833_E67F33_E68933_E69933_E68C33_E68B
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E6EC71_E6ED
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9109
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E09983_E09A83_E09B
505 锦
U+9526 jǐn
Variants: 錦

* 有彩色花纹的丝织品。 ～旗。～屏。～标。～绣（精美鲜艳的纺织品，喻美丽或美好，如"～～山河"、"～～前程）"。～上添花。 * 鲜明美丽。 ～霞。～缎。～笺。～鸡（鸟，形状和雉相似，雄的头上有金色的冠毛，颈橙黄色，背暗绿色，杂有紫色，尾长，雌的羽毛暗褐色。饲养供玩赏）

brocade, tapestry; embroidered
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_ED4553_ED4753_ED4853_ED4653_ED4E53_ED4F53_ED4953_ED4D53_ED4C56_F370
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E88C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9326
506 𢕨
U+22568 pián

* 同""。 * 拼音pián

(translated) Same as ""
507 𣤊
U+2390A lā

* 拼音lā。[～歁] 不满

(translated) dissatisfied; in the word 𣤊歁
508 㿁
U+3FC1 xiāo jiāo
Variants: 𤺃

* 拼音xiāo。肿欲溃

(translated) swelling about to ulcerate
509 皡
U+76A1 hào
Variants: 皞

* 同""

bright; brilliant
510 𤾟
U+24F9F

* 读音hớ 白色

(translated) Pronounced hớ; white
511 諻
U+8AFB hēng
Variants: 𧫍

* 快乐。 * 语声

Semantic variant of 訇: the sound of a crash
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EC8F31_EC8E31_EC8D
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_ED39
512 𣘛
U+2361B dōu
Variants: 蔸

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
513 𬍾
U+2C37E pò

* 拼音pò。中国人名用字

(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
514 磖
U+78D6 lá lā
Variants: 砬

lá:* 古同""，岩石。 lā:* 折断："那枝枪～为两段。"

(translated) anciently same as "", rock; to break, to snap: "That rifle snapped in two."
515 𬓽
U+2C4FD mù

* 同""。 * 拼音mù。 * 中国人名用字

(translated) Same as ""; Used in Chinese given names
516 𥻄
U+25EC4 kāi

* 拼音kāi。米的别名

(translated) Alias for rice
517 𮇸
U+2E1F8

* 《大正新脩大藏經 古逸部》原文:"～ 苑風清。"

(translated) clear garden breeze
518 綿
U+7DBF mián
Variants: 緜 绵

* 蠶絲結成的片或團，供絮衣被、裝墨盒等用。 絲～。～綢。～裏藏針。 * 像絲綿那樣柔軟或薄弱。 ～薄。～軟。～力。 * 像絲綿那樣延續不斷。 ～延。～聯。～長。～亙。連～。 * 性情溫和。 他平時挺～

cotton wad; wool; soft, downy
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_EAE953_EAEA53_EAEB53_EAEC53_EAE8
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7DBF
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_E18894_E18994_E18B94_E18A
519 𦃧
U+260E7
Variants: 碧

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
520 𫋯
U+2B2EF

* "住む"の 意。 * 音読み：カツ（クヮツ）。 * 訓読み：す-む

(translated) to reside
521 𫟪
U+2B7EA biān

* 同""；見

(translated) same as ""; refer to
522 𨻸
U+28EF8
Variants: 隰

* 同""

(translated) same as marshy place
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EBB685_EBB785_EBB885_EBB985_EBBA85_EBBB85_EBBC85_EBBD
523 𣾂
U+23F82 gaāi

* 粤语gaāi

(translated) Cantonese pronunciation: gaāi
524 㿇
U+3FC7 xí xì

* 拼音xí。 * 疾病。 * 小痛

paralysis, rheumatism, having no sense of feeling; numb
525 𤾢
U+24FA2 děng

* 拼音děng。白

(translated) white
526 䃯
U+40EF lì
Variants: 礫

* 同""

(abbreviated form of 礫) small stones; pebble; gravel; shingle
527 薬
U+85AC yào

* 古同""

drugs, pharmaceuticals, medicine
528 𫖸
U+2B5B8

* "" 的类推简化字

(translated) Simplified form of "" by analogy
529 𤎥
U+243A5 tǎn chān
Variants: 袩 𦃖

* 拼音tǎn。青黑色的丝织品

(translated) bluish-black silk fabric
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EAA2
530 縓
U+7E13 quàn quǎn

* 帛赤黃色；淺紅。 * 紅色；火紅

orange or reddish-yellow silk
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7E13
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_E28F94_E290
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E201
531 𤽧
U+24F67
Variants: 皇

* 同""

Semantic variant of 皇: royal, imperial; ruler, superior
532 𤽼
U+24F7C luò
Variants: 㿥

* luò音洛。 * 大白。 * 大貌

(translated) very white; grand appearance
533 皛
U+769B xiǎo jiǎo jiǒng

* 皎洁，明亮："天～无云。"

(translated) bright and clear; bright
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_769B
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_F556
534 𮮰
U+2EBB0

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
535 𤾚
U+24F9A hào

* 拼音hào。同""

(translated) same as ""
536 𢃺
U+220FA jí

* 拼音jí。绢

(translated) silk
537 𪱦
U+2AC66 huáng

* 拼音huáng。同""。《可洪音义》："：上音惶。 下音惧。"

(translated) Same as "", meaning fearful
538 𣹻
U+23E7B
Variants: 泉

* 同""

(translated) Same as 泉; spring
539 𤾎
U+24F8E niú

* 疑为""之讹。 中国人名用字

(translated) Likely a corrupted form of ""; Used in Chinese personal names
540 䔤
U+4524 pā

* 葩的异体字

the lush and luxuriant of the grass and flowers
541 𬡹
U+2C879

* 读音bá 义未详

(translated) meaning unknown
542 𫤟
U+2B91F

* 金文隶定字。 人名用字。字见《 殷周金文集成引得》349頁

(translated) Clerical script form of a character found in bronze inscriptions; used in personal names
543 敫
U+656B jiǎo jiào

jiǎo:* 光闪耀。 * 姓。 qiāo:* 击。 jiào:* 人名用字，也作""

ancient musical instrument
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E3FC71_E3FD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_F5F4
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E3FC71_E3FD91_F60B
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E57082_E57182_E57282_E57382_E574
544 𤽴
U+24F74

* 读音hếu [～]洁白， 白垩

(translated) pure white; chalk
545 𥰗
U+25C17 pā

* 疑同""。中国人名用字

(translated) Suspected to be same as ""; Used in Chinese given names
546 𦧠
U+269E0 huá

* 拼音huá。丝密的丝织品

(translated) dense silk fabric
547 𠙡
U+20661 dōu

* 疑同""。 * 拼音dōu。 * 中国人名用字

(translated) Suspected to be the same as ""; Used in Chinese personal names
548 𡟷
U+217F7 hào
Variants: 𡠖

* 拼音hào。 * 女子人名用字。 * 姓

(translated) used in female given names; surname
549 𫷍
U+2BDCD

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
550 𢾆
U+22F86 kāi
Variants: 揩

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
551 𣄋
U+2310B bī

* 拼音bī。中国人名用字

(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
552 𣪞
U+23A9E
Variants: 殷

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
553 𪠔
U+2A814

* 金文隶定字， 同""。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》688 頁。金文原形字出自《 殷周金文集成》第4357 器銘文中

(translated) Clerical script form of bronze inscription; same as "" (jiù), meaning stable; stall
554 𡏨
U+213E8

* 疑为""之讹

(translated) Suspected to be the corrupted form of ""
555 揩
U+63E9 kāi
Variants: 𢾆

* 擦，抹。 ～背。～油。～鼻涕。～眼泪

rub and wipe, dust, clean
556 𪳠
U+2ACE0 kǎi

* 疑同""。 * 拼音kǎi。 * 中国人名用字

(translated) Thought to be the same as ""; Used in Chinese personal names
557 獆
U+7346 háo
Variants: 嗥 獔

* 古同""

(translated) anciently same as ""
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_55E527_E10B
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E8C0
558 𭽚
U+2DF5A

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
560 𥡊
U+2584A mù

* 同""。中国人名用字

(translated) Same as ""; Used in Chinese names
561 𧚻
U+276BB

* 同""

(translated) same as ""
562 𮙪
U+2E66A

* 同""

(translated) Same as 貌
563 锽
U+953D huáng
Variants: 鍠 𨪽

* 古代的一种兵器，形似剑，有三刃，多用作仪仗

weapon
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9360
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E8F1
564 𤏔
U+243D4 hào

* 中国人名用字

(translated) Used in Chinese personal names as a character
565 𡈪
U+2122A
Variants: 滿

* 同""

Semantic variant of 滿: fill; full, satisfied
566 𢅁
U+22141 zhì

* 拼音zhì。疑同""

(translated) suspected to be the same as “𧇧”
567 𢿎
U+22FCE duò

* 拼音duǒ。擊也

(translated) strike
568 𪽧
U+2AF67 chù

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
569 𤾖
U+24F96

* 《元诗选·○ 出游联句》："孰书拯溺勋， 谁息扶惫"

(translated) support the weary; help the exhausted
570 𥻷
U+25EF7
Variants: 糕

* 同""

(translated) Same as cake
571 𬗬
U+2C5EC

* 同""字

(translated) Same as ""
572 蔸
U+8538 dōu
Variants: 兜 𣘛

* 指某些植物的根和靠近根的茎。 禾～。树～脑（树墩儿）。～距。坐～（稻子的幼苗发黄，长不快）。 * 量词，相当于""或"" 一～草。两～白菜

counter for plant
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_515C
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F1E483_F1E583_F1E683_F1E783_F1E883_F1E9
573 諧
U+8AE7 xié
Variants: 谐 龤

* 和，配合得當。 和～。～調（ tiáo ）。～音。 * 滑稽。 詼～。～趣。～謔（詼諧逗趣）。亦莊亦～（既嚴肅又詼諧）。 * （事情）商量好，辦妥。 事～

harmonize, agree; joke, jest
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EBE3
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8AE7
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EDC8
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F12481_F12581_F126
574 𦂸
U+260B8

无释义

No definition given
575 𫁇
U+2B047 mù

* 疑同""。 * 拼音mù。 * 中国人名用字

(translated) Suspected to be same as ""; Used in Chinese personal names
576 𤽲
U+24F72 nán

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""; maternal uncle
577 𤽹
U+24F79 bài

* 拼音bài。白皮

(translated) white skin
578 𤽻
U+24F7B
Variants: 皤

* 同""

(translated) same as 皤
579 𤾁
U+24F81

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
580 𨠘
U+28818
Variants: 粕

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
581 皘
U+7698 qiàn

* 白色

(translated) white
582 㿤
U+3FE4 chǔn

* 拼音chǔn。白色

white, clear
583 𨉍
U+2824D
Variants: 貌

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
584 𭤁
U+2D901

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
585 𪾂
U+2AF82 huàng

* 疑同""。 * 拼音huàng。 * 中国人名用字

(translated) Suspected to be the same as ""; Used in Chinese personal names
586 皞
U+769E hào
Variants: 暤 曍 皡 皥

* 白色："残霞殿雨，～气入窗扉。" * 古通""，广大："欲报之德，～天罔极。" * 姓

bright, brilliant
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F3BC83_F3BD83_F3BE
587 𦝨
U+26768 jiē
Variants: 𦞉 𩩰

* 拼音jiē。瘦

(translated) thin
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E396
588 𬥝
U+2C95D

* 金文隶定字， 同""。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》764 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第4331器銘文中

(translated) clerical script form of bronze inscription character, same as "" (silk); original form of bronze inscription character
589 𬿹
U+2CFF9 bǐ

* 拼音bǐ（ 五禮反），神名。 * 《孔雀經音義》 梵云作吃芻。灌頂經云。 神名，五禮反

(translated) Name of a deity
590 𡫎
U+21ACE hāo

* 拼音hāo。中国人名用字

(translated) Chinese personal name character
591 𢄝
U+2211D

* 读音bâu 义未详

(translated) Pronounced bâu; meaning unknown
592 皒
U+7692 é

* 〔～～〕白色

(translated) White (reduplicated)
593 𤾥
U+24FA5 sōng

* 拼音sōng。素白

(translated) plain white
594 𦈿
U+2623F jǐn

* 中国人名用字

(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
595 𠤨
U+20928 hàn

* 拼音hàn。中国人名用字

(translated) Used in Chinese given names
596 𢄭
U+2212D
Variants: 褶

* 同""

(translated) Same as ""
597 𫻅
U+2BEC5

* 读音ngợp [～]不知所措

(translated) to be at a loss; bewildered
598 𤗨
U+245E8 dié

* 拼音dié。 * 治。 * 疑同""

(translated) govern; suspected to be the same as ""
599 𤛊
U+246CA lā

* 拼音lā。牛牴

(translated) ox butting
600 𭽙
U+2DF59

* 同""

(translated) same as 皢
601 𥏪
U+253EA kǎi

* 拼音kǎi。[矲～] 短

(translated) short