* 同"𭪤"
(translated) Same as "𭪤"
Structure 山 | HanziFinder
2723 
山 wéi:* 〔～～〕形容很高的样子。 wèi:* 石磨："造治碾～。" * 同"碨"。切磨；磨碎
stone mill; grind; break apart
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～舨〕近海和江河上用桨划的小船。亦作"舢板"、"三板"
sampan
* 药草名
a medical herb; acrid taste; poisonless; harmless
* "薉" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogical simplified form of "薉"
* 跳跃。 * 走开："你也～，我也～，请先生休讪。"
(translated) jump; walk away: "you leave, I leave, please sir stop mocking."
* 拼音yín。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 读音ngốn， 狼吞虎咽
(translated) wolf down; gobble; eat voraciously
* "㠏" 的类推简化字
name of a mountain
* 同"岳"
Semantic variant of 嶽: mountain peak, summit
* 古同"嵘"
(translated) ancient form of "嵘"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔赤～〕地名，在中国台湾省
a place in Taiwan Tainan
* [～山]即邛崍山，又名邛莋、高山
mountain in Sichuan province
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音sī。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin sī; Used in Chinese given names
* 同"往"
Semantic variant of 往: go, depart; past, formerly
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音ngớp 担心
(translated) worry; be anxious
* 同"（微）"
(translated) Same as "微"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 读音ngập 淹没
(translated) Pronounced "ngập", meaning to submerge; to flood
* "𩜠" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音mǎn。 * 喂小孩吃。 古吴语。 * 软而烂的饭（ 幼儿语）食～～（ 吃饭）
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "𩜠"; pinyin mǎn; to feed children (ancient Wu dialect); soft, mushy rice (children"s language), to eat rice
* 佛经译音字
(translated) Transliteration character in Buddhist texts
* 同"嶞"。 * 拼音tuò
a long mountain ridge, steep; lofty mountain
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𡐿"
(translated) Same as "𡐿"
* 韩国释义
(translated) Korean definition
zú:* 山峰高耸险峻："～岩断岸。" * 山顶。 * 突兀。又指高超，出类拔萃。 cuì:* 古通"萃"。聚集
rocky peaks; lofty and dangerous
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～～〕 ➊ 形容高耸，如"状貌～～兮峨峨"； ➋ 形容茂盛，如"丛林兮～～"。 * 〔嵚～〕见"嵚"
cliffs
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"崒1"
rocky peaks; lofty and dangerous
* 同"崟"
(translated) Same as "崟"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音qiǎo。 * [嵺～] 山色萧条貌；山秃貌。 * 《八辅》 第28区， 第1字
(translated) describing desolate mountain scenery; describing bleak mountain scenery; describing bald mountains; describing bare mountains
* 同"嵇"
(translated) Same as "嵇"
* 拼音tāo。山名
(translated) name of a mountain
* 读音ngụt 燃烧，(使) 燃烧
(translated) burn; to ignite; to set on fire
* 同"瑙"
(translated) same as agate
* 同"碜"
(translated) same as 碜
* 拼音shān。 * 《新撰字鏡》："～，二字毛知支利。" 见《康熙字典》( 增订版)。 * 中国人名用字。 拼音shān
(translated) Pronounced shān; Defined in *Xinzhuan Zijing* as "two characters Mao Zhi Zhi Li"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 音未详， 中岳山神名。疑同"𡾗"
(translated) Pronunciation unknown; name of a mountain god of Zhongyue Mountain; suspected to be same as "𡾗"
* 同"刚"
(translated) same as 刚
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "嵾" 的类推简化字
(simplified form of 嵾) uneven; rolling; rough; rugged, name of a mountain ( Wudangshan)
* 拼音yín。两山相同
(translated) Same as two mountains
* 拼音yǔ。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin yǔ; Used for Chinese given names
* 拼音nài。中国人名用字
(translated) Used for Chinese personal names
* "㠁" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogy-simplified form of "㠁"
* 山险峻的样子："金墉郁其万雉，峻～峭以绳直。"
(translated) Steep and rugged appearance of a mountain
* 山险峻的样子："金墉郁其万雉，峻～峭以绳直。"
(translated) appearance of mountain being steep and precipitous
* 同"羌"
(translated) Same as "羌"
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
kǎi:* 山。 ái:* 〔崃～〕山貌
a raised site; pleasant
* 同"𣢲"
(translated) Same as "𣢲"
qí:* 古同"碕"，曲岸。 gāi:* 梯子。 * 方言，依靠。 ái:* 长
(translated) ancient form of 碕, curved bank; ladder; dialect, rely on; long
* 同"满"
(translated) Same as "满"
* 同"陵"
(ancient form of 陵) a high mound, tomb of an emperor, to usurp; to abuse
róng:* 古同"嵘"。 yíng:* 〔岭（ lǐng ）～〕见"岭"
(translated) ancient form of "嵘"; in "岭～" (lǐng-～), refer to "岭" (ridge)
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"輶"。同"酋"，田狩之车
(translated) same as "輶"; same as "酋", vehicle for field hunting
* 拼音huí
(translated) Pronunciation: hui
* 山神名。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) name of a mountain god; used in Chinese personal names
* 〔～山〕山名，在中国四川省北部，绵延于四川、甘肃两省交界的地方。 * 〔～江〕水名，在中国四川省
min mountain, min river
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"岷"。 * 拼音mín。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "岷"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"岷"。 * 拼音mín。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "岷"; Used in Chinese personal names
* "～"读"shuǐ"，"～ 峪"，位于青岛市城阳区夏庄镇东部山区, 地处崂山水库上游,东接王哥庄, 南临北宅、华楼山、 梳洗楼。优质的水质, 惹人垂涎的农家宴(炸槐花、 炸山菜、地瓜面山菜包子、 蕨菜等),民风淳朴的农家乐( 摘樱桃、住农屋、 睡土炕),还有每年一届樱桃节, 因此享有"齐鲁樱桃谷" 的美誉。 * ——提供人: 沧海一粟
(translated) pronounced "shuǐ"; in Shuiyu (𫵺峪), located in the eastern mountainous area of Xiazhuang Town, Chengyang District, Qingdao City, upstream of Laoshan Reservoir, bordering Wanggezhuang to the east, and Beizhai, Hualou Mountain, and Shushilou to the south; known for its high-quality water, appealing rural cuisine, simple folk-style farmhouses, and the annual Cherry Festival, hence the reputation of "Qilu Cherry Valley"
* 拼音yuān。山角落
(translated) mountain corner; mountain nook
* 同"耸"
(translated) Same as "耸"
* 同"岡"
(translated) Same as "岡"
* 拼音yì。[～～]人多的样子
(translated) appearance of a multitude
* 山
(translated) mountain
* 〔岖～〕崎岖，如"豫章楩柟之可以大斵者，必在夫大山穹谷孱颜～～之区。" * 〔區～〕山名
mountain
* "𡹬" 的类推简化字
(translated) Simplified form of "𡹬" by analogy
* 同"垭"
(translated) Same as 垭, meaning mountain pass; defile; saddle
* 同"蝒"
(translated) same as "蝒"
* 见"㜐"
(translated) Refer to "㜐"
* 拼音mǔ。地名用字。[～ 屺岛]明朝岛名， 在山东
name of cape in Shandong Province
* 拼音jú。[～] 宫室深处
(translated) deep in the palace; inner part of the palace
* 山名
(translated) name of a mountain
* 同"峖"。 * 拼音ān。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "峖"; Used for Chinese given names
* 山又高又陡。 陡～。～壁。峻～。～立。～丽（a。陡峭而多姿；b。文辞遒劲华美）。～拔。 * 形容严峻。 ～寒。～急。～劲。～厉
steep, precipitous, rugged
* 疑同"岚"
(translated) Considered to be the same as "岚"
* 基本释义
(translated) Basic meaning
* 同"岗"
(translated) same as hill
* 〔～岈〕a。嵯峨、高峻的样子；b。山名，在中国河南省
name of a mountain; (Cant.) to obstruct
* 同"郜"
(translated) same as "郜"
* 山曲
(translated) mountain bend
* 同"岮"。 * 《八辅》 第26区， 第89字
(translated) Same as 岮; Also found in *Bafu*, District 26, No. 89
* "𡸗" 的类推简化字
(translated) Simplified form by analogy of "𡸗"
* 〔慈～〕即"慈母"，山名，在中国安徽省当涂与江苏省江宁交界处
(translated) "cí mǔ", means "kind mother"; name of a mountain located at the junction of Dangtu (Anhui) and Jiangning (Jiangsu) in China
* 〔三～〕山名，在中国甘肃省敦煌市东南，如"投三苗于～～。"亦作"三危"
(translated) mountain name, Sanwéi (三峗), located in southeastern Dunhuang City, Gansu province; also known as Sanwēi (三危)
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"嵬"。 * 古同"峗"
high and uneven
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xíng。山名
(translated) mountain name
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"墺"
(translated) same as "墺"
* 同"峔"
(translated) Same as "峔"
* 同"崜"
(translated) Same as "崜"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"癸"
(translated) same as "癸"
* 同"嵫"
(translated) Same as "嵫"
xié:* 山貌。 yé:* 山名
mountain in Shandong province
* 拼音láo。见"㟸"
name of pavilion (garden) in ancient China, name of a mountain
* 拼音suī。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin sui; Used in Chinese personal names
* 〔～岖〕形容山路不平
rough, uneven, jagged, rugged
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～山〕山名，在中国山西省
mountain in Shanxi
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 〔嶔㟢〕山石怪异貌。也喻品格特异，不同于众。清龔鼎孳
the rocks on the hills are of different shapes; rugged and weird, character different from others
* 同"坎"。坑穴
(translated) Same as "坎"; pit; hole
* 小山名。 * 《字彙補》 音未詳。《金液神氣經》 小山名
(translated) name of a small mountain; name of a small mountain
* 同"巏"
(translated) same as 巏
* 同"峭"
(translated) Same as "峭"
* 隐藏，不公开的。 ～会。～居（ａ．隐居；ｂ．幽静的住处）。～愤。～咽。 * 形容地方很僻静又光线暗。 ～谷。～静。～暗。 * 沉静而安闲。 ～闲。～趣（幽雅的趣味）。～婉。 * 把人关起来，不让跟外人接触。 ～禁。～闭。～囚。 * 迷信的人指阴间。 ～灵。～魂。 * 古地名，大致相当于今中国河北省、辽宁省南部一带。 ～州。～燕（ yān ）
quiet, secluded, tranquil; dark
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->