* 物理学上指热能除以温度所得的商，标志热量转化为功的程度。 * 科学技术上泛指某些物质系统状态的一种量（ liàng ）度，某些物质系统状态可能出现的程度。亦被社会科学用以借喻人类社会某些状态的程度
entropy
Structure 口 | HanziFinder
15093 
口 * 放射："明镫～炎光。" * 炽热："～炭重燔。" * 同""，熟食："湛～必洁。"
dim light, glimmer; warm
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 〈喃〉义为献上之上
(translated) Vietnamese meaning: supreme offering
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 拼音dài。竹笋
a bamboo shoot, skin (bark) of a bamboo shoot, (same as 箈 苔) moss; lichen
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见""
the piece of leather used for soles on Chinese shoes; a patch
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
* 读音mạng 绣
(translated) pronounced mạng; embroidery
* 拼音hán。小鸟飞的样子
young birds flying
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 拼音suī。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同""。 * 拼音sī
(translated) Same as ""
* 见""
speak ill of, vilify; berate; interrogate
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* jū ㄐㄩˉ 古同""，审讯（罪人）
to make a judicial investigation
* 古同""
fault
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音shán。 * 言不实。 * tàn;chán哄骗。 粤语。～细蚊仔（ 哄小孩儿）
(Cant.) to fool, trick, cheat
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 拼音jīn。中国人名用字
(translated) Used for Chinese personal names
* 见""
consult, confer; communicate in
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 〈韓〉人名用字
(translated) Korean, used in personal names
* 拼音jú。山谷名， 在今山西省平定县
name of a valley in today"s Shanxi Province
* 拼音zài。豆豉
(translated) fermented soybeans
* 见""
surname
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 铜屑："今半两钱法重四铢，而奸或盗摩钱质而取～。" * 器物用久渐渐磨光失去锋刃或棱。 菜刀～了切不烂，剪刀～了剪不断。石磨已～了。 * 古代钩鼎耳和出炉炭的器具
a poker; brass filings; to file
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音chèn。见《 字學呼名能書》："， 瞋禁切。"
(translated) pronounced chèn
* 拼音biàn。白金
(translated) platinum
* 古同""，阶梯；石级。 * 险峻的山坡："左关岩～，右梁潮源。"
(translated) ancient form of "", stairs; stone steps; steep slope
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as 霣
* 拼音zhān。削
(translated) to pare; to cut
* 拼音hàn。同""。見《 類篇》
(translated) Same as ""
* "" 的讹字。 见周志锋" 评第二版《汉语大字典》"， 周志锋《大字典论稿》
(translated) Corrupted form of "throat"
* 拼音péng。 * 中国人名用字。 * 《八辅》 第23区， 第1字
(translated) Pinyin péng; Used in Chinese personal names
* 读音ghềnh。 翻山越岭
(translated) To cross mountains and valleys
* 读音bớt 。 * [添～] 添加。 * 不义之财。 * 平息。[～]平息愤怒
(translated) To add; as in [添～]; ill-gotten gains; to pacify; to appease anger; e.g., "[～]平息愤怒"
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used for Chinese personal names
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) same as 诬
* 拼音tiǎn。[～䜝] 言不定
(translated) unreliable speech
* 同""。 * 拼音cān 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as ""; Used in Chinese personal names
* 见""
proverb, maxim
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 可疑："天道不～，不貳其命。" * 超越本分："帝念不～，應時作謀。" * 隱瞞："不～過，不責得。"
flatter; suspect, be uncertain
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音ái。谨
(translated) careful; cautious
* "" 的日本简体字。见《 日本常用字表》
(translated) Simplified Japanese form of ""
* 拼音fǔ。中国人名用字。 同豆腐的"" 字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names; same as "" in "豆腐" (tofu)
* 拼音tōng。人名用字。 明铅山王朱缙～。见《 諡法纂》
(translated) Used in personal names
* 同""
lust, desire, passion; appetite
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 安稳，泰然："羌声色兮娱人，观者～兮忘归。" * 恬静："～乎自持。" * 忧虑："心烦～兮忘食事。" * 产生震动效应，使人感到畏惧
peace
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
shù:* 及时的雨。 ～雨。"长吏各洁斋祷请，冀蒙嘉～"。 zhù:* 同""，灌注
timely rain, life-giving rain
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
dàn:* 恬静、安然的样子。 ～泊。～漠。～薄。恬～。 * 水波纡缓的样子。 ～淡。～～。 tán:* 〔～台〕复姓
calm, quiet, tranquil
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 照明的器具。也指某些其他用途的發光、發熱裝置。如：電燈；酒精燈。 * 特指元宵節張掛的燈彩。 * 燈能照明，佛教因以燈比喻佛法。唐劉禹錫
lantern, lamp
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 《永乐大典》 卷13136："再舍皷毁將公乃散師。 不果伐宋。"据语境， 当为"" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of 殪
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 见""
(translated) See ""
* 见""
recognize, know, understand
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音hán 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 拼音gāi。羊胎
(translated) lamb fetus
* "" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogical simplified form of ""
* "" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogically simplified form of ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 〔～～〕（苍蝇等）鸣叫的声音，如"～～青蝇。"
(translated) [~~] (onomatopoeia for the sound of flies etc.) buzzing sound; humming sound
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 同""
loquacity
* 吞咽。 * 笑
(translated) swallow; smile
* 古人名用字
(translated) Used for ancient given names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 金文隶定字， 同""。 * 字见《 殷周金文集成引得》563頁
(translated) Standardized form of bronze script; same as ""
* 金文隶定字， 同""。 字见《殷周金文集成引得》1309 頁
(translated) Clerical script form, same as ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 韩国人名用字
(translated) Used for Korean given names
* yòng ㄩㄥˋ 义未详
(translated) Meaning unknown
* 拼音gù。见𦌕
a kind of tool used to get fish
* 叹词，表示惊讶。 ～！这是怎么回事？
exclamation of surprise
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kān
(translated) Pronunciation: kān
* 疑同""
(translated) Suspected to be same as ""
* 金文隶定字， 同""。 字见《殷周金文集成引得》281 頁
(translated) clerical script form of bronze script; same as 偪
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 日本户政用字
(translated) Character used for Japanese family registry
* "見る"の 意
(translated) means "to see" (Japanese: "miru")
* 同""
(translated) same as 皓
* "" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of ""
* 读音bở 绵软，不脆
(translated) soft and limp; not crisp
qíng:* 古同""。 * 静。 yīng:* 〔～呤（lìng ㄌㄧㄥˋ）〕小声说话
Semantic variant of 情: feeling, sentiment, emotion
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
an interjection used in poems and songs
* 读音bob 象声字
(translated) onomatopoeic word
* 拼音chǔn。吹
to blow; to breath; to puff
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 《甘露军荼利菩萨供养念诵成就仪轨》: 唵嚩日囉二合～儞二合鉢囉二合捻引跛跢二合引也娑嚩二合； 唵阿三磨～儞二合吽癹吒半音
(translated) Appears in mantras from the 《Ritual for Accomplishing the Recitation and Offering to Kundali Bodhisattva》; Used within Sanskrit mantras transliterated into Chinese characters, such as "唵嚩日囉二合～儞二合鉢囉二合捻引跛跢二合引也娑嚩二合； 唵阿三磨～儞二合吽癹吒半音。"
* 《资行钞》: 道六百九十八共～灵宝眞文太上王诀无星符籙九百九卷置一
(translated) In *Zixingchao* Volume 698, [𭈸] is one of the Lingbao True Writings, Supreme King"s Secret Instructions, and Starless Talismans, totaling 909 volumes
* 同""
(translated) same as ""; sneer; scoff
* 疑同""。 * 拼音hào。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) doubtfully same as 皓; used in Chinese personal names
* 金文隶定字， 同""。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》564 頁。金文原形字出自《 殷周金文集成》第11997 器銘文中
(translated) Clerical script form of bronze inscription, same as ""
* 厕所。 ～肥。～粪。～土
rest room
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jūn。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同""
crucible