mó:* 擦,蹭,接触。 ~擦。~天。~崖(山崖上刻的文字、佛像等)。~肩接踵。~顶放踵。 * 摸,抚。 ~弄。~挲( suō ) * 研究,切磋。 观~。揣~(a。研究,仔细琢磨;b。估量,推测)。 * 古同"磨",磨擦。 mā:* 〔~挲( suō )〕用手轻轻按着一下一下地移动
rub, scour, grind; friction
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->