* 同"釐"
(translated) same as "釐"
Structure 攵 | HanziFinder
1801 
攵 Related structures
lí:* 治理；处理。 * 改变；改正。 * 分，分开。 * 道理，事物的条理。 * 贪。 * 厘金的略称。"釐金"或称"釐捐"，简称"釐"。 * 量词。长度单位。尺的千分之一。 * 量词。重量单位。两的千分之一。 * 量词。地积单位。亩的百分之一。 * 量词。利率。年利一厘为本金的百分之一；月利一厘为本金的千分之一。 * 微小。 * 通"嫠"。寡妇。 * 春秋楚邑名。故址在今安徽省无为县。 xǐ:* 幸福，吉祥。 * 胙，祭祀用的肉。 lái:* 同"萊"。①草名，即"蔓華"，亦名"蒙華"。②除草。③古国名。在今山东省龙口市东南。 tāi:* 同"邰"。古地名。 lài:* 通"賚"。賜，予
manage, control; 1/1000 of a foot
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "𪉿" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "𪉿"
* 同"𣀄"
(translated) Same as "𣀄"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"夔"
(translated) same as "夔"
* 拼音zhé。同"辙"。车轮轧的痕迹
(translated) Same as "辙"; wheel rut
* 同"𣀧"
(translated) same as "𣀧"
* 同"衝"
(translated) same as "衝"
* 读音nón 斗笠
(translated) bamboo hat
* 拼音chè。同"彻"。周朝的田税
Semantic variant of 徹: penetrate, pervade; penetrating
* "鏾" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of "鏾"
* 同"饷"
(translated) Same as 饷
* "公镦" 的略记。1公镦=1000 公斤
(translated) Abbreviated form of "公镦", which equals 1000 kilograms; abbreviation for 公镦, a unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms
* 拼音máo。见"䖦"
(translated) See "䖦"
* 同"摮"
(translated) Same as "摮"
* 金文隶定字， 同"敖"
(translated) Clerical script form of bronze script; same as "敖"
* 同"伞"
umbrella, parasol, parachute
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𩮶"
(translated) Same as "𩮶"
* 拼音mú。一种鱼
(corrupted form) a kind of fish
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"𦎦"
(translated) same as "𦎦"
* 同"𦩣"
(Cant.) to kneel; same as "𦩣"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𩭾"。 * 拼音wù
(translated) Same as "𩭾"
* 亂馳。 * 亂。 * 疾速行進；馳騁。 * 追求；強求。也作"務"。如。 好高騖远。 * 鴨子。也作"鶩"
gallop; rush about; pursue, run
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"骛"
(translated) Same as "骛"
* 力大的鱼
(translated) powerful fish
* 同"麰"
(translated) Same as "麰"
* 拼音wéi。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 读音toá[~]（液体） 挥发；（气味） 弥漫开来
(translated) evaporate; diffuse
* 同"蹩"
(translated) variant of "蹩"
* 赤雉，即"锦鸡"："背负～鸟之毛，服饰甚伟。"
pheasant
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音huī。粤语fāi
(translated) Pinyin huī; Cantonese fāi
* 金文隶定字， 同"𢲵"
(translated) clerical script form of bronze inscription; same as "𢲵"
sh:* 計算；查點。如：不可勝數。 * 算在數內。 * 比較起來最突出。如：全班就數他的成績最好。清嚴如熤 * 亞於；次於。（常置於"不"字之後）。宋蘇軾 * 數落；責備。 * 說；稱說。 * 分辨；詳察。 shù:* 數目；數量。如：人數；歲數；次數。 * 數詞。幾；幾個。如：數年；數人。 * 表示事物的量的基本數學概念。如。 虛數；變數；有理數；無理數。 * 一種語法範疇，表示名詞或代詞所指事物的單或複數。如。 英語名詞有單、複兩種數。 * 數詞的省稱。 * 算術；數學。 * 歷數，即古代的天文學。 * 筮法，即古代占卜之術。 * 天命；命運。 * 規律；法則。 * 道數，方法。 * 技藝；技巧。 * 策略；權術。 * 法；法制。 * 禮數；儀節。引申為等差；等級。 * 指星象的度數。 shuò:* 疾速。 * 緊促；緊湊。 * 屢次；頻頻。如：頻數；繁數。 * 細；密。 * 親密；親近。 * 中醫學術語。指脈搏頻率高，每分鐘在九十次以上。 * 方言。召請。唐樊綽 * 通"縮"。縮酒
number; several; count; fate
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
sh:* 計算；查點。如：不可勝數。 * 算在數內。 * 比較起來最突出。如：全班就數他的成績最好。清嚴如熤 * 亞於；次於。（常置於"不"字之後）。宋蘇軾 * 數落；責備。 * 說；稱說。 * 分辨；詳察。 shù:* 數目；數量。如：人數；歲數；次數。 * 數詞。幾；幾個。如：數年；數人。 * 表示事物的量的基本數學概念。如。 虛數；變數；有理數；無理數。 * 一種語法範疇，表示名詞或代詞所指事物的單或複數。如。 英語名詞有單、複兩種數。 * 數詞的省稱。 * 算術；數學。 * 歷數，即古代的天文學。 * 筮法，即古代占卜之術。 * 天命；命運。 * 規律；法則。 * 道數，方法。 * 技藝；技巧。 * 策略；權術。 * 法；法制。 * 禮數；儀節。引申為等差；等級。 * 指星象的度數。 shuò:* 疾速。 * 緊促；緊湊。 * 屢次；頻頻。如：頻數；繁數。 * 細；密。 * 親密；親近。 * 中醫學術語。指脈搏頻率高，每分鐘在九十次以上。 * 方言。召請。唐樊綽 * 通"縮"。縮酒
number; several; count; fate
* 同"䘓"
(translated) same as 䘓
* 布置，铺开，摆开。 ～设。～陈（铺陈，详细叙述）。～衍（ａ．叙述并发挥，亦作"敷演"；ｂ．做事不够负责或待人不恳切，只做表面上的应付；ｃ．勉强维持）。 * 涂上，搽上。 ～药。～粉。 * 足够。 入不～出。 * 古同"肤"，表面的
spread, diffuse; apply, paint
* 话不顺耳。 ～牙（语句念着不顺口）。 * 不听取他人的意见："彼诮以为～者，为其不相从听"
bent and twisted; too complicated
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"肇"
(translated) Same as 肇
* 金文隶定字， 同"捚"。 人名用字。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》434頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第2110器銘文中
(translated) Clerical form of bronze script, same as "捚", used in personal names; original form in bronze script
* 同"𡁛"
(translated) same as "𡁛"
* 同"严"。 * 拼音yán。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as 严; Used in Chinese names
* 古同"噭"，牲畜的口；一说牲畜的后窍，即肛门
(translated) same as "噭"; mouth of livestock; it is said to be the rear orifice of livestock, i.e., the anus
* 同"齑"
(translated) same as 齑
* "䱷" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音yú。 * 同"渔"。，捕鱼。 * 《八辅》 第34区， 第87字
(simplified form) to fish; to seize
* 同"螫"。《法苑珠林》 卷四十四《王业部》:" 于时动树，敲坏蜂窠， 众蜂散飞，唼～ 其人。"(332 下)
(translated) Same as "sting"; same as "bite"
* 金文隶定字。 人名用字。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》1024頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第11314器銘文中
(translated) Li-style form of Bronze script; Used in personal names; Original form in Bronze script
* 拼音chè。 * 船。 * 船行
name of a ship, a sailing boat
* 拼音lán。[～鏒(sǎn)] 马口中铁
(translated) iron in a horse"s mouth; bit
* 同"敖"
(translated) Same as 敖;
* 同"缴"
(translated) same as 繳
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"蝥"
(translated) Same as "蝥"; scarab beetle
* 窥视；探察
Acquired from 䄽: (same as 秈) common rice; as distinguished from the glutinous variety or glutinous rice, name of a place in ancient times
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"覹"
(translated) Same as 覹
* 同"覹"
(translated) same as "覹"
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"龟"。 见《 菩萨从兜术天降神母胎説广普经》
(translated) Same as 龟
* 同"𤂭"
(translated) Same as "𤂭"
* 同"𠄧"
(translated) Same as "𠄧"
* 读音giáo 枪
(translated) "giáo", pronounced as "qiang" (gun)
* 同"覈"
(translated) Same as "覈"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𪈹"
(translated) Same as "𪈹"
* 同"麰"
(translated) Same as "麰"
* [郘～] 春秋时期人名
(translated) Personal name from the Spring and Autumn Period, as in "Lu-𮮝"
* 同"撇"。扬雄《 蜀都赋》："偃衍～ 曳，絺索恍惚。"
(translated) Same as "撇"
* 爬行動物，生活在水中，形狀像龜，背甲上有軟皮，無紋。肉可食，甲可入藥。亦稱"甲魚"、"團魚"；有的地區稱黿；俗稱"王八"
turtle
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"氅"
(translated) same as cloak
* 拼音bié。马名
(translated) Name of a horse
* 水暴溢
(translated) overflow violently
* 同"簢"
(translated) Same as 簢
* 拼音mǐn。一种草
(translated) a kind of grass
* "𨬠" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "𨬠"
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音sàn。盐块
(translated) salt block
* 同"敦"。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》434頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第10371器銘文中
(translated) Same as "敦"
* 同"𦥐"
(translated) Same as "𦥐"
* 同"跚"
(translated) same as 跚; stagger; limp
* 同"餗"
(translated) Same as "餗"
* 昂首。 * 莊重；恭敬。 * 美好。 * 端整。晋潘岳 * 副詞。表示假設或比喻，相當於"宛若"、"好象"。唐趙嘏
grave, respectful, majestic
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 粤音sǎat。 * 形容词， 语音的
(translated) Cantonese pronunciation saat; Phonetic
* 金文隶定字。 義不詳。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》434頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第10371器銘文中
(translated) Clerical and original form of Jinwen script; Meaning unknown; Seen in *Index to the Compendium of Inscriptions on Bronzes from Yin and Zhou Dynasties* (p. 434) and vessel No. 10371 inscription of the same collection
* 拼音gǎn。[～堂] 大船的两旁
(translated) sides of a large boat
* 同"严"。 * 拼音yán。 * 寒冷。 闽语。今日～ 死（今天冷极了）
(translated) Same as "严"; cold (Min dialect, e.g., "今日～ 死" meaning "extremely cold today")
* 古同"啜"，吃
(translated) Anciently same as "啜", meaning "to eat";
* 同"壧"。 * 拼音yán。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as 壧; Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"蹳"
(translated) Same as 蹳
* 同"𩕀"
tall and big; colossal
* 同"𠘥"。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "𠘥"; Used in Chinese given names
* 同"赘"
(translated) Same as "赘"
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jiào。 * 偃。 * 小道
(translated) lie down; small path
* 拼音ào。[～顤] 头高
(translated) high head
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音dūn。贪食
(translated) gluttonous
* 同"憨"
(translated) silly; simple-minded; foolish
* 同"微"。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "微"; Used in Chinese personal names
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同"鯬"
(translated) Same as "鯬"
* 此王政之所哀而矜之恤而撫之者也若其乖～
(translated) Describes a state of being grieved for, pitied, cared for, and comforted by the royal government
* 同"斅"
teach, instruct; be aroused; awake; intelligent
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kāng。同"砊"
(translated) Same as 砊
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"镦"。 * 拼音jiǎo。 * ～耳
to cut with shears
* 在高空中的水蒸气遇到冷空气凝结成的小冰粒，多在下雪前或下雪时出现
hail, sleet
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->