* 同"𨆒"
(translated) same as "𨆒"
Structure 西 | HanziFinder
935 
西 Related structures
* 同"醍"
(translated) same as clarified butter
* 拼音lì。滤酒
(translated) to filter wine
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 喜悦的样子
(translated) joyful appearance
* 拼音dìng。竹器
(translated) bamboo utensil
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"榨"
wine press
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"醡"
(translated) Same as "醡"
* 同"酞"
(translated) same as 酞
* 同"𩮈"
(translated) Same as "𩮈"
* 同"蹲"
(translated) same as "蹲"; to squat
* 疑同"猷"。中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be the same as "猷"; Used in Chinese personal names
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 持薪～ 絲麻。日待於州門之外。 公愍之。令民歲納錢
(translated) Stipend related to silk and hemp; daily waiting outside the state gate
* 读音toé 飞溅
(translated) splash
* 浊酒。 * 〔～糟儿（ zāor ）〕江米酒。 * 〔～醴〕中药剂型之一，即药酒。 * 醇酒
unclear wine, wine with dregs
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* "靦" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "靦"
* 甲骨文隶定字
(translated) Clerical script form of oracle bone script
* 一种调味用的液体，味酸。 米～。熏～
vinegar; jealousy, envy
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音lù。美酒
(non-classical form) cheese dregs; lees, cheese, drunken sound
* 酱
(translated) sauce
* 吃东西后用酒漱口。 * 古同"𨟴"，少饮
(translated) rinse mouth with wine after eating; anciently same as "𨟴", meaning to drink sparingly
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音méi。 * 醋的别名。 * 同"酶"
a second name for vinegar, (same as 酶) yeast or distiller"s grains
* 同"酑"
(translated) Same as "酑"
* 拼音néi。一～ 饭
(translated) serving of meal
* "𨣈" 的类推简化字
(translated) Simplified form of "𨣈" by analogy
* 读音nghiện 酗酒
(translated) Heavy drinking; Vietnamese pronunciation: nghiện
* 《大正新脩大藏經 續諸宗部》原文:" 眼如八咫鏡，而赦然似赤～ 酱也乃至天細女命問口。"
(translated) Inferred to be a type of red sauce or similar red condiment; Used in a simile describing eyes and leniency
* 同"歠"。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "歠"; Used in Chinese given names
* 同"酱"
(translated) same as 酱; sauce
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"莸"
caryopteris divaricata
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 一种有机的胶状物质，由蛋白质组成，对于生物化学变化起催化作用，发酵就是靠它的作用。 ～原
enzymes; (Cant.) soft
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～～〕❶醉酒的样子，如"～～沉醉"；❷欢乐的样子，如"逢佳节，乐～～。"
(translated) drunken state; happy demeanor
* 同"醬"
(translated) same as sauce
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kù。同"䔯"
(translated) same as "䔯"
* 同"醡"
(translated) Same as "醡"
* 同"𣬕"
(translated) same as "𣬕"
* 同"𮠢"
(translated) Same as "𮠢"
* 读音son。 教。伝否～ 否。人不教育不懂道理
(translated) Teach; Deny; Refuse; Ignorance
* 裁减，节省。 从这笔钱里～出一部分来干别的。～节（从全都财物里节省下一部分）。～诎（节制，谦逊）。 * 勒住："伏轼～衔，横历天下"
economize; abide by, comply with
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yóu。[～] 又作"柚梧"、" 由梧"，一种竹子
(translated) A type of bamboo, also written as "柚梧" or "由梧"
* 同"𦟹"
(translated) Same as "𦟹"
* 同"酨"
(translated) same as "酨"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"鹹"
Semantic variant of 鹹: salty, briny; salted; pickled
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音tú。[～] 榆酱
southernwood, bitter wine
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kuí。醥
a kind of rice wine; sake, wine used in ancestral worshipping or in offerings
* 拼音yù。脸色发黄的样子
yellow-faced; emaciated look, (same as 聝) to cut off the ear; to cut off the left ears of the slain; to count the number of enemy troops one killed by the number of the left ears cut from the bodies
* 同"䤓"
(translated) same as "䤓"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"醻"
(translated) same as "醻"
* 拼音zhí。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin: zhí; Chinese given name character
* "𨡸" 的讹字。中国人名用字
(translated) Corrupted form of "𨡸"; Used as a Chinese given name character
* 同"𨐮" "𨡨"
(translated) Same as "𨐮" "𨡨"
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese given name character
* 拼音zùn。 * 禾穳。 * 禾租
(translated) fine grain; grain rent
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 疑同"篾"。 * 拼音miè。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Suspected to be same as "篾"; Used for Chinese personal names
* 古同"噂"
to talk, converse
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 淺泥濺人裾。 深泥沒馬腹。艱哉黃水源。 五里十汨～
(translated) muddy spot; muddy patch; difficult muddy terrain
* 同"醪"
(translated) Same as 醪
* 肉酒
(translated) meat wine; meat liquor
* 拼音yán
(translated) pronounced as yán
* "醢" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "醢"
* 《大正新脩大藏經 密教部》原文:"～ 去未羅未羅未羅竪樹囇布羅莎訶"
(translated) Appears in a mantra: 去未羅未羅未羅竪樹囇布羅莎訶
* 同"酳"
(translated) Same as "酳"
* 读音gây。 繁殖，发酵， 筹集资金
(translated) Breed; Ferment; Raise funds
* 睡眠状态结束或尚未入睡。 如梦方～。 * 酒醉、麻醉或昏迷后神志恢复正常状态。 ～酒。 * 泛指头脑由迷糊而清楚。 ～悟。觉（ jué ）～。清～。提～。猛～。 * 明显、清楚。 ～目。～眼
wake up; sober up; startle
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jì。中国人名用字
(translated) Used as a Chinese personal name character
* 同"食"
(translated) same as "eat"
* 读音さんずき 酒杯
(translated) Japanese reading: sanzuki; wine cup
* 白酒。 * 两次酿酒
(translated) white spirit; liquor brewed twice
* 白酒。 * 两次酿酒
Semantic variant of 䤇: white wine, a measure of wine containing about 3 pints
* 拼音qiāng。 * 用青稞酿成的酒， 是藏民常喝的一种饮料。 * 湉渢： 该释义未见出典，经查询， 藏族有敬酒歌《阿拉䤌色》， 又做"阿拉姜色"， 意思是"请您干了这杯美酒"。 另，宋· 高似孙有诗《䤌蟹》， 根据诗意，"䤌蟹" 是将活蟹刚出水便被放入酒内，蟹壳被酒泡软， 即"酿"、"腌"义
a kind of wine be brewed from grains, a kind of daily drinks for a minority group
* 拼音qiú
(translated) Pronounced as qiú
* 覆盖。 * 古代盛食物的器皿。 * 同"庵"（多用于人名）
lid of a caldron; Buddhist cloister
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 有机物由于某些菌或酶而分解称"发酵"。能使有机物发酵的真菌称"酵母菌"。亦称"酵母"、"酿母"
yeast, leaven
* 同"酵"
(translated) Same as 酵; yeast
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Character used in Chinese given names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 金文隶定字。 义未详
(translated) Clerical script form of bronze inscription; meaning unknown
* 同"𨡭"
(translated) Same as "𨡭"
* 同"醄"
(translated) Same as intoxicated
* 拼音mú。[～䤅(tú)] 榆酱
(translated) Elm sauce
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 白酒。 * 古同"鹾"，盐："满船都载相公～。" * 〈喃〉同"醉"
white wine
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"醝"
(translated) Same as "醝"
* 读音giấu，[～ 占]隐藏
(translated) Pronunciation: giấu; to hide, as in "[～ 占]"
* 读音sôn 义未详
(translated) Meaning unknown
* 瓮、缶之类的瓦器
earthenware (a basin; a pot; a bowl; a crock etc.)
* 同"𦜋"
(translated) Same as "𦜋"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𦜋"
(translated) Same as "𦜋"
* 有机化合物的一类，"乙醛"在医药上用作催眠或镇痛剂
aldehyde
* 同"𨣧"
(translated) Same as "𨣧"
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
yàn:* 古同"酽"，醋。 liǎn:* 〔～䤘〕醋味。 xiān:* 卤味
(translated) ancient form of 酽, vinegar; vinegar taste; braised flavor
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "鐏" 的简体字。 * 拼音zūn。 * 戈柄下端的圆锥形金属套：" 进戈者前其～。" * 古同"樽"。古代的酒杯：" 狼籍盘与～。" * 古书上说的一种农具。 * 姓
(translated) simplified form of "鐏"; pinyin zūn; conical metal fitting at the bottom of a *ge* handle; same as "樽"; ancient wine cup; agricultural tool mentioned in ancient books; surname
* 拼音jiū。假发
(translated) wig
* 疑同"擲"。 * 拼音zhí。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "擲"; Used as a given name character
* 拼音diàn。有花纹的丝织品
(translated) figured silk fabric
* 同"遵"
(translated) same as "遵"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "馘" 的讹字
(translated) corrupted form of "馘"
* "鷷" 的类推简化字
(translated) Simplified form of "鷷" by analogy
* 同"（尊）"。酒器
(translated) Same as "(尊)", a wine vessel
zūn:* 古时妇女穿的一种裤子。 zǔn:* 〔～绌〕古同"撙黜"，自谦退让，如"君子能则宽容易直以开道人，不能则恭敬～～以畏事人。"
(translated) a type of pants worn by women in ancient times; in [繜绌], same as "撙黜", meaning self-deprecating and modest
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
chǎn:* 醋。 chěn:* 醋。 * 醋味
(translated) vinegar; vinegar taste
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𧤕"
(translated) same as "𧤕"
* 中国人名用字。 疑同"醜"
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names; possibly same as "醜"