Structure 黑 | HanziFinder

309 ZVZ04Mo4

201 𪒚
U+2A49A
Variants:

* 同"黧"

Semantic variant of 黧: a dark, sallow colour


202
U+9EF2 cǎn
Variants:

* 〔~黷〕昏暗,如"何時通舟車,陰氣不~~?" * 灰黑色。 "以~衣蒙之"

grey black

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EF2

203
U+4603
Variants:

* 拼音mò。见蟙

a kind of crab, (same as 蟔) a caterpillar


204 𪑱
U+2A471 wū wò
Variants:

* 音乌wū。 * 墨刑名。 * 同"剭"

(translated) Sound wū; Tattooing punishment; Same as "剭"

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_F45634_F45734_F458
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E889

205 𡓕
U+214D5 xūn

* 拼音xūn。中国人名用字

(translated) Used for Chinese given names


206 𡓽
U+214FD xūn

* 拼音xūn。人名用字

(translated) Used in personal names


207 𬅑
U+2C151 xūn

* 拼音xūn。中国人名用字

(translated) Used for Chinese given names


208
U+6B13 dǎng
Variants: 𣗋

* 食茱萸,落叶乔木,枝上多有刺,羽状复叶,果实球形,成熟时红色,可以入药。 * 木桶:"始以榆~盛经,白马负图,表之中夏,故以白马为寺名。"

a cross-piece, as the round of a ladder, the rail of a chair; shelves; pigeonholes


209 𪆤
U+2A1A4

* đủi,(đen~)不幸的

(translated) Vietnamese "đủi", unfortunate


210 𪒧
U+2A4A7
Variants:

* 同"黵"

(translated) Same as "黵"


211 𦇟
U+261DF xūn

* 同"纁"。中国人名用字

(translated) Same as "纁"; Used in Chinese personal names


212
U+9EF5 dǎn zhǎn
Variants: 𪒧

dǎn:* 黑,黑色:"翠岭中横,~然黛色。" * 黥,古代在犯人或奴婢、士兵脸上刺字:"遇赦降死者,~面为劫字。" * 用笔墨涂改文字:"就案上取一卷文书拘~之。" zhǎn:* 方言,污染;弄脏。 白衣服不禁~

(translated) black, black color: describing deep black or dark green; tattooing: in ancient times, tattooing characters on faces of criminals, slaves, or soldiers; to revise text with ink: to alter text with ink; dialect: to pollute; to make dirty

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EF5

213 𤼎
U+24F0E

* 粤语mak6

(translated) Cantonese reading: mak6


214 𦫯
U+26AEF xùn

* 拼音xùn。物体被熏后的颜色

(translated) Smoked color


215 𣌕
U+23315

* 同"曛"。《永乐大典/ 卷03579》:"元魏初青崖集代王村行尽南冈日已。"

(translated) Same as 曛; dusk


216
U+66ED tǎng

* 〔~莽〕(太阳)不明亮

(translated) In "曭莽", (of the sun) not bright; dim


217 𮮝
U+2EB9D

* [郘~] 春秋时期人名

(translated) Personal name from the Spring and Autumn Period, as in "Lu-𮮝"


218 𩻤
U+29EE4 hēi

* 拼音hēi。大青鱼

(translated) Large black carp; black carp


219 𪑠
U+2A460

* 同"𪒡"

(translated) Same as "𪒡"


220
U+860D xūn

* 古同"薰"

(translated) Same as "薰"


221 𮓐
U+2E4D0

* 疑为"䕸"讹字

(translated) Suspected to be the corrupted form of "䕸"


222
U+4D70 shāng

* 拼音shāng。黑色

black color, red-and-black color


223
U+4D73 wèi
Variants: 𪐹 𪑅

* 淺黑色

light black

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E89D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E52784_E52884_E52984_E52A

224 𪒅
U+2A485
Variants:

* 同"黧"

(translated) Same as "黧"


225 𪒓
U+2A493
Variants:

* 同"玈"

(translated) Same as 玈


226 𪒔
U+2A494
Variants: 𪑚 𪑴

* 拼音lí。赤黑色

(translated) dark red black


227
U+9EEB yān yīn
Variants: 𪑸

* 黑,黑色:"~然黑色甚明。"

(translated) black

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E547

228 𪑴
U+2A474

* 同"𪒔"

(translated) Same as "𪒔"


229 𮩯
U+2EA6F

* 读音훈 人名用字。李之~

(translated) Used for personal names; pronunciation "hoon"; e.g., in the name of "Li Zhi"


230
U+9EEE dǎn dàn shèn tǎn
Variants: 𪑓 𪓂

dàn:* 云黑色:"当时~闇犹承误,末俗纷纭更乱真。" shèn:* 古通"葚",桑果:"食我桑~。"

black, dark; unclear; private

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EEE
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EAAE93_EAAF93_EAB0

231 𡤥
U+21925
Variants:

* 同"儵"

(translated) same as 儵


232 𭸳
U+2DE33

* "獯" 的讹字。[~鬻(yú)] 中国夏代称北方民族。周代称" 猃狁";汉代后称" 匈奴"

(translated) Corrupted form of "獯"; refers to [𭸳鬻 (yú)], an ancient Chinese term for northern ethnic groups during the Xia Dynasty; also known as "猃狁" during the Zhou Dynasty; later known as "匈奴" after the Han Dynasty


233 𨇠
U+281E0
Variants:

* 同"躔"

(translated) same as "躔"


234
U+9EF1 dài
Variants:

dài:* 同"黛"。 zhèn:* 黑色

(translated) same as "黛"; black

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E8A7
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E54284_E54384_E54484_E545

235 𪒌
U+2A48C

* 同"𪓃"

(translated) same as "𪓃"


236 𥸈
U+25E08 dàng

* 拼音dàng。竹名

(translated) type of bamboo


237 𧅗
U+27157 dǎng

* 拼音dǎng。一种草

(translated) A herb


238 𪑷
U+2A477 wài

* 虎

(translated) tiger


239 𪒽
U+2A4BD

* 读音trũi,(đen~) 墨黑,像墨一样黑

(translated) Vietnamese pronunciation trũi; ink black; as black as ink


240 𥽻
U+25F7B
Variants:

* 同"糖"

(translated) Same as "sugar"


241 𪒱
U+2A4B1

* 同"暧"

(translated) same as "暧"


* 深黑色:"玄云~以凝结兮。"

blue-black

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EE4
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EA90
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E52D

243
U+9EF0 zhěn yān

zhěn:* 黑:"有黑泉如~漆。" yān:* 染色黑

young girl"s hair style

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E547

244
U+3FE9 tǎng
Variants: 𤾉

* 拼音tǎng。明

light; bright, white color

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EABE

245
U+6529 tǎng dǎng

* 同"挡1"

obstruct, impede; stop; resist

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6529
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F4CD

246
U+8B9C dàng dǎng

* 见"谠"

counsel, advice; speak out

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B9C
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EEAB91_EEAC91_EEAA
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F25681_F257

247 𪑿
U+2A47F

* 同

(translated) same as


248 𪒲
U+2A4B2

* 拼音yè

(translated) Pronounced "yè"


249 𪺌
U+2AE8C dǎng

* 拼音dǎng。中国人名用字

(translated) Character used in Chinese personal names


250 𨷔
U+28DD4
Variants: 𨵮

* 拼音xù。小门

(translated) small door


251 𪒊
U+2A48A zhī

* 拼音zhī

(translated) Pronounced "zhī"


252
U+77D8 tǎng

* 眼睛无神,茫然直视。 * 失志的样子

(translated) spiritless eyes staring blankly; disheartened appearance

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_77D8

253 𣎰
U+233B0

* "臐" 的讹字。《四库全书》:" 有司徹尸侑主人皆升筵宰夫羞房中之羞司士羞庻羞注房中之羞内羞也其籩糗餌粉餈其豆酏食糝食庻羞~膮言房中以别於庻羞以其物易辦在房中可具者"。 * 又《 四库全书》:"膷~ 膮"。 * 又《 四库全书》:"三者皆臛也牛曰膷羊曰~ 豕曰膮"

(translated) Corrupted form of "臐"; Inner chamber delicacies; Lamb stew (*huò*)


254 𣎲
U+233B2 tǎng

* 拼音tǎng。[~] 不光明

(translated) shady; dishonorable; not upright


255 𪑯
U+2A46F lèi

* 拼音lèi。黑色

(translated) black


256 𪒣
U+2A4A3

* 同"黦"

(translated) Same as "黦"


257 𪒦
U+2A4A6
Variants: 𪒑

* 同"𪒑"

(translated) Same as "𪒑"


258 𬆴
U+2C1B4

* 金文隶定字, 同"剭"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》855 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第10285器銘文中

(translated) Clerical form of Jinwen, same as "剭"; original Jinwen form


259 𪒀
U+2A480 pán
Variants: 𪒋

* 拼音pán。下色

(translated) dull color

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E8A6

260
U+9EF3
Variants: 𩯗

* 黑痣。 * 黑:"我髯~数寸,君发白千茎。" * 黑玉石:"子石如琢玉,远烟真削~。"

(translated) black mole; black; black jade

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EF3

261
U+4332
Variants:

* 同"纁"

(same as 纁) light red


262 𪒨
U+2A4A8
Variants:

* 同"黧"

(translated) Same as 黧


263
U+4D6F tuǎn
Variants:

* 同"畽"

(same as 畽) a village; a farmstead, a hamlet, the land outside a city

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E754

264 𪒞
U+2A49E
Variants:

* 同"黶"

(translated) same as "黶"


265
U+4A39 shū

* 拼音shū。[~昱] 迅疾

swift; rapid; quick; fast


266
U+91BA xūn
Variants: 𨤁

* 醉。 微~。醉~~。 * 古同"熏",熏染

get drunk, be intoxicated

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_91BA

267 𪱰
U+2AC70 chán

* 拼音chán。中国人名用字

(translated) Chinese given name character


268 𪒏
U+2A48F
Variants: 𪑔

* 拼音lù。[~] 垢黑

(translated) grime-blackened

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E549

269 𪇑
U+2A1D1 xùn
Variants: 𪈧

* 拼音xùn。[~鹕] 猫头鹰

(translated) owl


270 𤓦
U+244E6 zhuò

* 拼音zhuó。灶中烟

(translated) smoke in the stove


271 𪒻
U+2A4BB
Variants:

* 同"黤"

(translated) Same as "黤"


272 𮝯
U+2E76F

* 弁乗大夫之車~ 則當

(translated) Referring to carriage of Biancheng Daifu; appropriate


273 𪒠
U+2A4A0 yǎn ǎn àn hān
Variants:

yăn:* 忘而息。 ăn:* 同"黤"。陰黑。 àn:* 同"黯"。深黑色。 hān:* 同"憨"

(translated) yǎn: to forget and rest; ăn: same as "黤"; dark; àn: same as "黯"; deep black; hān: same as "憨"; simple

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
38_E25D38_E25E38_E25F38_E26038_E26138_E262
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E2FA53_E2FB53_E2FC53_E2FD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E8AB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EAB4

274 𮤪
U+2E92A

* 同"廛"

(translated) same as 廛


275 𪒴
U+2A4B4 tái

* 拼音tái。见"𪑚"

(translated) Pinyin: tái; See "𪑚"


276 𭼼
U+2DF3C

* 梅毒

(translated) syphilis


277 𧰣
U+27C23 xūn

* 拼音xūn。鼓鸣

(translated) drum sound; drumming


278 𬬡
U+2CB21 xūn

* 拼音xūn 中国人名用字

(translated) Chinese personal name character


279
U+9482 tǎng
Variants:

* 见"镋"

(translated) Same as "镋"


280 𪒺
U+2A4BA
Variants:

* 同"黧"

(translated) same as 黧


281 𪓂
U+2A4C2
Variants:

* 同"黮"

(translated) Same as "黮"


282 𪑼
U+2A47C

* 同"𪒡"

(translated) same as "𪒡"


283 𪒜
U+2A49C

* 拼音mà。黑

(translated) black


284
U+9EF6 yǎn

* 黑痣。 * 黑;黑痕

mole, scar, blemish

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EF6
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EA8D93_EA8E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E52B84_E52C

285 𪒼
U+2A4BC chá

* 拼音chá

(translated) Pinyin: chá


286 𪓁
U+2A4C1
Variants: 𪒛

* 同"𪒛"

(translated) Same as "𪒛"


287 𩪱
U+29AB1 xūn

* 拼音xūn

(translated) Pronounced as xūn


288
U+9EF7

* 见"黩"

to dishonor, defile, corrupt; soiled

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EF7

289 𪒷
U+2A4B7

* 读音ngòm,(đen~~) 漆黑的

(translated) Pitch-black; Vietnamese: "đen~~"


290 𪒡
U+2A4A1 duì dài

* 拼音dài。同"曃"

(translated) same as 曃

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E54D

291
U+4D74 yùn zèng

* 拼音yìng。脸上的黑色斑点

black color, black specks; mottles on the face, black face, (same as 暈) to faint; giddy and dizzy

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E54B

292 𢥽
U+2297D tǔn

* 拼音tǔn。[~] 不明

(translated) Unclear


293 𬹛
U+2CE5B

* 金文隶定字。 一種刑罸。字見《 殷周金文集成引得》855頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第10285器銘文中

(translated) Clerical script form of bronze script; a kind of punishment; original form of bronze script


294 𮡍
U+2E84D

* 同"醺"

(translated) Same as tipsy


295 𩽦
U+29F66 chán
Variants:

* 同"鳣"。中国人名用字

(translated) Same as 鳣; Used in Chinese personal names


296 𦧀
U+269C0 xūn

* 中国人名用字

(translated) Character used in Chinese personal names


297
U+866A shú shū
Variants: 𧇐

* 黑虎

(translated) Black tiger

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_866A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_ED66

298 𪒿
U+2A4BF téng

* 拼音téng。 * 黑貌。 * téng黑洞洞; 很暗。西南官话、 吴语

(translated) Black appearance; very dark; very dark


299 𩽳
U+29F73 dǎng

* 拼音dǎng。一种尾上有刺的鱼

(translated) A kind of fish with spines on its tail


300 𪈧
U+2A227
Variants: 𪇑

* 同"𪇑"

(translated) Same as "𪇑"


301 𪓈
U+2A4C8

* 读音nghịt,(đen~) 深黑的,非常黑的。(đông~) 密集的,黑压压的

(translated) deep black; intensely dark; dense; massively dark