* 读音ndwk 形容词之后附加成分:～～（ 苦的不得了）
(translated) Pronunciation: ndwk; suffix to adjectives: extremely bitter
Structure 心 | HanziFinder
2498 
心 Related structures
* 同""
(same as 慠) proud; haughty; over bearing rude
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 人名用字
(translated) Used in personal names
* 拼音xiòng
(translated) pronounced as xiòng
* 拼音yī。呻吟声
(translated) groaning sound
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同""
mud; miry, muddy, stagnant
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 心病
(translated) emotional distress; worry
* 神情；姿态；意态。 * 情状；态度。 * 风致。北周庾信
manner, bearing, attitude
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""。 见《 吽迦陀野仪轨》
(translated) same as ""; anger
* 聪明敏捷："彼欲知我知之，人谓我～。" * 古同""："郁结纡轸兮，离～而长鞠。"
name of a monk in Tang dynasty
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 人名用字
(translated) Used in personal names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""。 * 拼音ruǎn
(translated) Same as ""
* 读音phũ 无情，严厉
(translated) Pronounced phũ. Ruthless; severe
* 槪可見矣 然則雖繆～於支 那而常玩愒於蓮邦
(translated) mistake; error
jǐng:* 古同""。警示，警告，警醒。 jìng:* 古同""
(translated) ancient form of "", meaning to warn, to caution, to alert; ancient form of ""
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""。连枷
(translated) same as 棓; flail
* 人名用字
(translated) used for personal names
* 《韩国文集丛刊· 青泉集》原文： 神柰川南即品川，屋庐沿海盛人烟。 看看咫尺鎌仓近，客路将窮～ 静便
(translated) quiet and peaceful; tranquil; serene
* 拼音cōng。同""。短矛
(translated) same as 鏦; short spear
* 之其害人者～ 之圜土能復者上罪三年
(translated) harming people; refers to harming people in legal context with the maximum penalty of 3 years imprisonment if amends could be made
* 同"" ""。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "" ""; Used in Chinese given names
* "" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogy-based simplified form of ""
* 拼音pán。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin pán; character used for Chinese personal names
* 的类推简化字。 * 拼音shù。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Simplified form by analogy; Used in Chinese personal names
* 古同""
(translated) same as 懦, cowardly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 《四库全书》: 免河南夏邑等四县积欠～括其事成诗
(translated) handle; process; deal with
* 爛泥。 泥～（➊有爛泥難走，如"道路～～"；➋淤積的爛泥，如"陷入～～"）
mud; miry, muddy, stagnant
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音sè。中国人名用字。 拼音sè
(translated) Pinyin sè; Used in Chinese personal names
* 〔～疭〕中医指手脚痉挛、口眼歪斜的症状。亦称"抽风"
(translated) In Traditional Chinese Medicine, [瘛疭] refers to symptoms of limb spasms and facial distortion, also known as "convulsions"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* ú、角粽
(translated) horn-shaped zongzi; pyramidal rice dumpling
* 同""。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as ""; Used in Chinese given names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 读音유 义未详
(translated) Pronunciation: yu; Meaning unclear
* 见""
sincerity, honesty; modest
* 〔惺～〕清醒。亦作"惺鬆"
(translated) clear-headed, in the word "惺憽 (xīngsōng)"; also written as "惺鬆"
* 既无知又自以为是
(translated) ignorant and self-righteous; ignorant and conceited; ignorant and opinionated
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 象声词，水声
(translated) onomatopoeic word; sound of water
* 读音be 酒瓶
(translated) wine bottle
* 洁净。 * 白色
(translated) clean; white
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音gǎn。 * 石匣。 * 以石遮盖
a stone box; a stone case, to cover with a piece of stone, (interchangeable 撼) to shake; to rock
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "" 的类推简化字。 * 拼音qiǎn 缩。吴语
(translated) simplified form by analogy of ""; Pinyin "qiǎn" (abbreviated) in Wu dialect
* "" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogically simplified form of ""
* 拼音sè。中国人名用字
(translated) used in Chinese personal names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 拼音má 中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese personal name character
* 古同""，叹词。 * 应答
(translated) anciently the same as "", interjection; answer
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogically simplified form of ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 金文隶定字， 同""。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》527 頁。 * 金文原形字出自《 殷周金文集成》第262 器銘文中
(translated) Clerical script form of bronze inscription; same as ""
* 读音hấm [～ 嘘]怒火中烧
(translated) burning with rage
* 忧愁。 * 急迫
melancholy; grievous; mournful, urgent; pressing
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(same as 懤) grieved; pained; in deep grief; to lament deeply
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yìn。 * 剂。 * 同""。量
(translated) dose; same as ""; quantity
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 疑为""的讹字。 同""。 人名
(translated) Suspected to be a corrupted form of ""; Same as ""; Personal name
* 拼音ài。隐蔽不见
(translated) hidden
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""
virtuous, especially of women, admirable, esteemed, excellent
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音yì。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese given names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音shān。木实
fruit tree
* 拼音yǐn。缝缀
to sew clothes; to do needle-work
* 下垂的样子。 * 聚。 * 茸。 * 通""。花蕊。清朱駿聲
hang
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
Semantic variant of 惄: long for; hungry
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
* 同""。 * 拼音huì。 * [～～]同" 嘒嘒"，象声词
(translated) Same as ""; Same as "嘒嘒", onomatopoeic
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 拼音mì。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 〔水～〕腔肠动物，身体圆筒形，褐色，口周围有触手，附在水沟中的水草或枯叶上。大多雌雄共体
intestinal worm
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音huì。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""。 * 拼音huàn。 * 兽名
(translated) Same as ""; Animal name
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 同""
Semantic variant of 惠: favor, benefit, confer kindness
* 拼音ài。同""
Semantic variant of 愛: love, be fond of, like
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 滿。 * 同""。數詞。古指十萬，今指一萬萬
(translated) Full; Same as ""; numeral, anciently meaning one hundred thousand, now meaning one hundred million
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 〈方〉拉；扯。湘语
(translated) dialectal: pull; tug. Xiang dialect
* 拼音cōng。[～胧] 明亮
(translated) bright
* 读音mụn 小脓疱，疮
(translated) small pustule; sore
* 拼音xī
(translated) Pronunciation: xī
* "" 的简体字。 * 拼音huì。 * 顺从：" 义征不～。" * 多智谋。 * 辩察
(translated) simplified form of 譓; obedient; resourceful and strategic; discern
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 见""
enjoin, instruct; charge
* 同""
careful, anxious, attentive
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 宪的繁体字。见""
constitution, statute, law
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 宪的繁体字。见""
constitution, statute, law
* 同""。，检查， 察阅。 * jiàn[～起] 把器物存放起来。西南官话
(non-classical form) to observe; to watch; to examine
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同""
(translated) Same as ""
* 胸。 胸～（心里，多指心里的话或想法，如"直抒～～"）。 * 主观地，缺乏客观依据的。 ～造。～测。～度（ duó ）。～断。～见
chest, breast, bosom; thought
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
Liushutong Seal Forms
Pre-Qin to Han seal-type forms (≤220 CE) / compiled 1661 (Min Qiji); collated and printed 1720 (Bi Hongshu)
A ten-volume compendium of seal-script variants arranged by the rhymes of Hongwu Zhengyun: each head character gives its Shuowen small seal form, then variants gathered from guwen, zhouwen, bronze inscriptions and Qin–Han seals. Long a standard reference for seal carvers, but the forms are compiled rather than excavated and were collected with little vetting, so many are of doubtful authenticity.Wikimedia Commons ->
* 拼音yàng
(translated) pronounced "yàng"
* 同""
(translated) same as ""
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->