* 同"痴"。 * 拼音dài。 * 病
(translated) Same as "痴"; disease
Structure 心 | HanziFinder
2498 
心 Related structures
* 读音mado， 意为"窗"
(translated) window
* 熟，煮熟："腥、肆、爓、～祭，岂知神之所飨也。" * 味美。 * 饱
soft
* 拼音cōng。 * 同"𦝰"。 * 赤色
sick; illness; disease, red
* 拼音cōng。 * 同"𦝰"。 * 赤色
sick; illness; disease, red
* 拼音hū。《篇海類編》 呼骨切。 床䓤
vegetation
* 拼音nù
(translated) Pronunciation is nù
* "驄" 的类推简化字
(translated) Analogy-simplified form of "驄"
* 同"愆"
(translated) Same as 愆
* 读音húng 欺负
(translated) to bully
* 《吽迦陀野仪轨》: 若二十一遍而母～怒眞言等念诵当行者已灌顶阿闍梨所受法
(translated) used with "mother" in "wrathful mantra" phrase; likely a specific term within a mantra
* 同"恐"
(translated) same as "恐"
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 疑同"㤽"。 * 拼音chóu。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Likely the same as "㤽"; pronunciation: *chóu*; used in Chinese personal names
* 同"忿"。 见《 吽迦陀野仪轨》
(translated) Same as "忿"
* 拼音yǐn。疾人忧
(translated) Worry of a sick person
* 乐意，想要。 宁～。～意。情～。自～。 * 希望。 ～望。志～。但～。夙～（亦作"宿愿"）。如～以偿。事与～违。 * 迷信的人对神佛许下的酬谢，泛指许给别人的好处。 许～。还～。 * 老实谨慎，恭谨
sincere, honest, virtuous
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𠓭"。 * 拼音lǎn。 * 悲愁貌
(translated) same as “𠓭”； sad countenance
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"𢟤"
(translated) Same as "𢟤"
* 拼音méi。中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese personal name character
* 同"揔"。 * 拼音rěn。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "揔"; Used as a Chinese given name character
* 拼音nù。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"牣"
(same as 牣) to filled up; full of; filled with; replete with (interchangeable 韌) soft but tough; elastic
* 拼音dài。竹笋
a bamboo shoot, skin (bark) of a bamboo shoot, (same as 箈 苔) moss; lichen
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"胃"
(translated) Same as "stomach"
* 拼音xīn。螟食苗心死
(translated) Pinyin xin
* 同"𠽗"
(translated) Same as "𠽗"
* 同"愆"
(translated) Same as 愆
* 拼音cōng。赤色
red color
* 同"怨"
Semantic variant of 怨: hatred, enmity, resentment
* 同"愆"
(translated) same as "愆"
* 拼音bǐng。中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese given name character
* 形近"𢞣"
(translated) Similar in shape to "𢞣"
* 同"怂"
(translated) urge; incite
* 鲁莽。 * 无知。 * 奔走
Semantic variant of 愡: absent-minded, confused
* 韩国古籍用字
(translated) Used in ancient Korean books
* 汲
(translated) to draw water
* 拼音bǐng。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"窗"
(translated) Same as "窗"
* 同"瘱"
(translated) Same as "瘱"
* 同"窗"。中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "窗"; Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"笥"
(translated) same as "笥"
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 中国人名用字
(translated) Used for Chinese personal names
* 戴中骨髙三寸～ 中骨也 易骨欲直眠下直下骨也 頰欲開赤
(translated) on the middle bone, with a height of three *cun*; middle bone; changeable bone that tends to lie straight down, specifically the bone directly underneath; cheeks are about to flush
* 同"行"
(translated) Same as "行"
* 〔僝（ zhuàn ）～〕见"僝3"
(translated) see "僝3" in 〔僝 (zhuàn) ～〕
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"矜"
(non-classical form of 矜) to pity; to feel for, to have compassion on, sympathetic
* 金文隶定字， 同"恙"。 字見《殷周金文集成引得》526 頁。 * 金文原形字 出自《殷周金文集成》 第11372器銘文中
(translated) Same as 恙; clerical script form of bronze inscription; original form of bronze inscription
* 同"欲"
lust, desire, passion; appetite
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"矜"
(translated) Same as "矜"
* 古同"织"
Semantic variant of 織: weave, knit; organize, unite
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jì。 * 连锤。 * 连针
the weight on a steelyard, connected stitches
* 见"认"
recognize, know, understand
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "錜" 的类推简化字
(translated) analogically simplified form of "錜"
* 同"𢮈"。 * 拼音fěn。 * 动
to move
* 《资行钞》: 削鳞 撏羽撏～ 林反取也火炙汤煎但嗜甘肥宁思痛苦
(translated) to pluck feathers; to remove feathers
* 同"𧩪"
(translated) same as "𧩪"
* 腹中有水气。 * 水气不和而作声
bellied in water-gas, belch; burp
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 同"㵞"
(translated) Same as "㵞"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"总"
collect; overall, altogether
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音niàn。纤(qn) 绳，拉船用的绳索
(translated) tow rope; rope for towing boats
* 拼音guǒ。中国人名用字
(translated) Pinyin: guǒ; used in Chinese personal names
* 忧虑。 ～得～失。忧～。 * 灾祸。 ～难。祸～。隐～。防～未然。 * 害病。 ～病。～者
suffer, worry about; suffering
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"宪"
(translated) Same as "宪"
* 小孩子。 * 幼小的动物。 猪～儿。～子
a child, a servant; a diminutive
* 挂，吊在空中。 ～垂。～吊。～梯。～河。～心。～念（ａ．挂念；ｂ．文艺作品对故事情节发展和人物今后命运的伏笔）。～梁刺股。 * 没有着落，没有结束。 ～断。～案。～而未决。 * 距离远。 ～隔。～殊。 * 危险。 ～崖。～乎（"乎"读轻声）。 * 公开提示。 ～赏
hang, suspend, hoist; be hung
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 均见"闷"
gloomy, depressed, melancholy
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〈喃〉满意
(translated) Vietnamese: satisfied
* 拼音xǐ。汉代诸侯国名
(translated) Pinyin xǐ; name of a vassal state in the Han Dynasty
* 同"隈"
(translated) same as corner; same as nook
níng:* 古同"寧"。 nìng:* 古同"寧"
used as a term of comparison
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音jūn。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"德"
ethics, morality, virtue
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"德"
(same as U+5FB7 德) morality; virtues, behavior; conduct
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 粤语ngo6、o6
(translated) Cantonese: ngo6, o6
* 拼音kuāi、guǎ。中国人名用字
(translated) Chinese personal name character
* 同"𡄩"
(translated) Same as "𡄩"
* 中国周代诸侯国名，故址在今河南省息县境
a place in Henan province
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xī。古地名
(translated) ancient place name
* 同"怒"。 见《 佛说不空羂索陀罗尼仪轨经》
(translated) Same as "怒", meaning anger; rage
* 读音rẳn 发出咕噜声；抱怨声
(translated) grunt; grumble
* 拼音móu。同"谋"
Semantic variant of 謨: scheme, plan; plan; be without
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音pò。中国人名用字
(translated) Used in Chinese personal names
* 拼音sī。人名用字。 蕲水荣顺王 朱宪～ 万历十年袭封。三十一年薨
(translated) Used in given names
* 《八辅》 第37区， 第91字
(translated) Definition not provided; refers to character "𥆾" being the 91st character in Section 37 of the book "Eight Aids"
* 〔倥（ kǒng ）～〕见"倥2"
urgent
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"恼"
(translated) Same as annoyed
* 同"𢟤"
(translated) same as "𢟤"
* 疑同"怒"。 * 拼音nù。 * 中国人名用字
(translated) Same as "怒" (nù), meaning anger; Used in Chinese personal names
* 同"惉"
(translated) Same as "惉"
* 同"𢛦"
(translated) Same as "𢛦"
* 同"慭"
(translated) same as "慭"
* 古同"恪"
(translated) ancient form of "恪"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xiá。见"㦄"
(translated) same as "㦄"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"悁"
(translated) Same as "悁"
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 读音コウ 义未详
(translated) Reading: KOU; meaning unknown
* 疑为 讹字
(translated) Suspected to be a corrupted form
* 同"𭜩"
(translated) Same as "𭜩"
* 扰乱；打扰："先生乃幸辱至于此，是天以寡人～先生，而存先王之宗庙也。" * 担忧："舍不为暴，主不～宾。" * 玷辱："不～君王，不累长上。" * 杂乱："仲舒之对，……烦而不～者，事理明也。"
dishonor, disobey; insult
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
gōng:* 古同"愩"。 gòng:* 古同"愩"。 hǒng:* 古同"愩"
(translated) Same as "愩"; Same as "愩"; Same as "愩"
* 古同"总"
all, general; to summarize; the chief; to manage
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->