* [～䌜]补缝
(translated) mend seams
rP48xEne
338 
* 读音mbinq 缺掉一块
(translated) missing a piece
* 拼音kē。山岳
(translated) mountain
* 拼音shè。[宜～] 一个神仙的名字
(translated) name of a deity; in [宜～]
* 〔～鑪〕箭名。 * 化学元素"铍"的旧译
(translated) name of an arrow (in compound ～鑪); former translation for the chemical element beryllium
* 拼音kē。[～叉] 响声词。通常写作" 喀嚓"
(translated) onomatopoeia; usually written as "喀嚓"
* 拼音gài。地名
(translated) place name
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 读音fad。 * 打（ 谷）。 * 鞭子抽打。fat。 * 发放。 * 发展
(translated) pronunciation fad; thresh grain; whip; distribute; develop
* 〔～鱂（ jiāng ）〕古书上说的一种鱼
(translated) referring to "鰪鱂 (jiāng)", a kind of fish mentioned in ancient books
* 读音bỏ 去掉，丢掉， 失去
(translated) remove; discard; lose
* 拼音yào。怨恨
(translated) resentment; hatred
* 读音kaeru。 返回，回来
(translated) return; come back
* 同"滟"
(translated) rippling; sparkling; glittering
* [～～(phốppháp)]魁梧
(translated) robust; burly
* 同
(translated) same as
* 同"㹺"
(translated) same as "㹺"
* 同"䇶"
(translated) same as "䇶"
* 同"劫"。 见《 孔雀王呪经》《佛説立世阿毘昙论》
(translated) same as "劫"
* 同"匼"
(translated) same as "匼"
* 同"榼"
(translated) same as "榼"
* 同"牵"
(translated) same as "牵";
* 同"盍"
(translated) same as "盍"
* 同"耠"
(translated) same as "耠"
* 同"胠"
(translated) same as "胠"
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"艳"
(translated) same as "艳"
* 同"蜐"
(translated) same as "蜐"
* 同"鉣"
(translated) same as "鉣"
* 同"馤"
(translated) same as "馤"
* 同"驱"
(translated) same as "驱"
* 同"𠊬"
(translated) same as "𠊬"
* 同"𠤩" "𪽝"
(translated) same as "𠤩" "𪽝"
* 同"𡊄"
(translated) same as "𡊄"
* 同"𡲫"
(translated) same as "𡲫"
* 同"𥬔"
(translated) same as "𥬔"
* 同"𨋕"
(translated) same as "𨋕"
* 同"𪽝"
(translated) same as "𪽝"
* ，即卢，筲箕。 * 山里遮拦禽兽用的障碍物
(translated) same as Lu, a dustpan; barrier used in mountainous areas to block animals
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"医"
(translated) same as character "医"
* 同"齧"
(translated) same as gnaw
* 同"怯"
(translated) same as timid
* 同"牵"
(translated) same as to pull
* 同"商"
(translated) same as 商
* 同"彶"
(translated) same as 彶
* 同"御"
(translated) same as 御
* 同"挈"
(translated) same as 挈
* 同"法"
(translated) same as 法
* 拼音gài。[華~] 同"華蓋"， 部首类化
(translated) same as 華蓋, or ceremonial canopy
* "𣞻" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form by analogy of "𣞻"
* "𤁣" 的类推简化字
(translated) simplified form of "𤁣" by analogy
* 读音cút, 溜走，滚开。隐遁， 退避
(translated) slip away; get lost; hide; retreat
* 读音khép， 烟味，焦糊味
(translated) smoky smell; burnt smell
* 拼音bǐ。羈客也
(translated) sojourner
* 读音ghép 拼，拼写
(translated) spell; spelling
* 读音합 盤覈之爰招亦幾核實禹鼎昭揭～魅必無遁形魯
(translated) spirit; demon; charm; enchantment
* 拼音hé。静
(translated) still; quiet
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 收藏；保藏："（
(translated) store; preserve
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音xù。日色
(translated) sunlight
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kài。喉部的疾病
(translated) throat disease
* 读音quẳng 扔，弃
(translated) throw; discard
* 拼音kē。关门
(translated) to close a door; to shut a door
qū:* 继。 * 束。 qǔ:* 绪
(translated) to continue; to bind; thread
* 拼音líng。去
(translated) to go
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 读音cụp。 放低。（đánh～）放松
(translated) to lower; to relax
* 读音cướp 强取，掠夺
(translated) to take by force; to plunder
* 拼音qǔ。[～蚥] 蟾蜍
(translated) toad
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～〕蟾蜍
(translated) toad
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* "𨅫" 的繁体
(translated) traditional form of "𨅫"
* 读音trẩy 远行
(translated) travel far
* 拼音gài。中国人名用字
(translated) used in Chinese personal names
* 读音cok 围墙
(translated) wall; enclosure
* 拼音yǎn。水波
(translated) water wave
yè:* 金坚。 * 铁器。 * 鞍䪌的样子。 tà:* 鎑鑪。 gé:* 〔～䥈〕温器
(translated) yè: metallic hardness; ironware; shape of a saddle flap; tà: 鎑鑪; gé: 鎑䥈, a warmer, heating utensil
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 《火吽轨别録》: 娜二合曳～ 乎合反写合写缚
(translated) 《Hohum Track Separate Record》: Indicates a pronunciation by combining "na" and "ye"; indicates a pronunciation by combining "hu" and "fu" using fanqie and combined writing
* 吹火
Acquired from 㥺: (same as 㥺) to blow a fire
* 同"䶀"
Semantic variant of 䶀: sound of drums; image of the sound
* 拼音qū。置于驴背上驮载物品的板子
a board (on the back of a donkey) for carrying things; saddle
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音kǎn。白虎的一种
a kind of white tiger, an angry tiger, sound of a tiger
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
* 猎人利用山谷等有利地形围猎禽兽："～以九疑。" * 围猎野兽的圈："以网为周～，纵禽兽其中。"
a pen; to surround
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音qū。草器
a vessel or utensil made of straw, grass or weeds, a kind of grass
* 拼音gé。[～] 米虫，俗称米象
a weevil
* 〔～～〕ａ．水声，如"飞下双鸳鸯，塘水声～～"；ｂ．寒冷的样子，如："沙堤十里寒～～"。 * 忽然；突然。 ～逝。～谢（溘逝）。～至（忽然而至）
abruptly, suddenly, unexpectedly
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～码〕天平上作为重量标准的东西，用金属制成，亦作"法马"
balance weights
qiè:* 离去；去："富贵弗就，贫贱弗～。" * 勇武，壮健："庶士有～。" * 句首助词："疑是花神，～来人世。" hé:* 古通"曷"，何："～徘徊而近游？"
brave
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 熊的一种，即棕熊，又叫马熊，毛棕褐色，能爬树，会游泳
brown bear, ursus arctos
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 给在田间耕作的人送饭。 * 古代称狩猎时以兽祭神
carry meal to workers in field
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 见"馌"
carry meal to workers in field
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"廅"
caves; grottos on the mountain side, collapsed in ruins; destroyed; to clash; to bump against
bà:* 停，歇。 ～休。～工。～课。～市。～论（打消了打算）。～笔（停止写作）。 * 免去，解除。 ～免。～官。～职。～黜。 * 完了，毕。 吃～饭。 ba:* 同"吧"。 pí:* 同"疲"，累
cease, finish, stop; give up
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 全，總共。 ～家。～城。 * 關閉。 ～戶。～門靜居。 * 門扇。 仲春之月"耕者少舍，乃修～扇"
close; whole, entire; all; leaf
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 全，总共。 ～家。～城。 * 关闭。 ～户。～门静居。 * 门扇。 仲春之月"耕者少舍，乃修～扇"
close; whole, entire; all; leaf
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
gài:* 有遮蔽作用的東西。 ～子。鍋～。瓶～。膝～。天靈～。 * 傘。 雨～。 * 由上往下覆，遮掩。 覆～。遮～。掩～。～澆飯。 * 壓倒，超過。 ～世無雙。 * 方言，超出一般地好。 這本書真叫～！ * 用印，打上。 ～章。～戳子。 * 造（房子） ～樓。翻～。 * 文言虛詞（①發語詞，如"～聞"；②表大概如此，如"～近之矣"；③連詞，表示原因，如"有所不知，～未學也"）。 gě:* 古地名，在今中國山東省沂水縣西北。 * 姓。 hé:* 同"盍"，文言虛詞，何不
cover, hide, protect
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 古同"劫"
disaster, misfortune; coerce
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～睡〕困倦要睡，如"打～～"，"～～虫"（ａ．形容人经常爱打盹儿；ｂ．旧小说中指能使人打瞌睡的一种小虫）
doze off; sleepy
* 尘埃："幽泥化轻～。"
dust
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
kē:* 方言，话。 唠～儿。 kè:* 用上下门牙咬有壳的或硬的东西。 ～瓜子儿。 * 闲谈，多话。 ～牙
eat seeds; reproach; loquacious
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 〔～琅〕用硼砂、玻璃粉、石英等加铅、锡的氧化物烧制而成的像釉子似的涂料，涂在金属表面作为装饰，亦可防锈。亦称"法蓝"
enamel, cloissoné
* 〔～琅〕用硼砂、玻璃粉、石英等加鉛、錫的氧化物燒制而成的像釉子似的塗料，塗在金屬表面作為裝飾，亦可防銹。亦稱"法藍"
enamel, cloissoné
* 除去，驱逐。 ～暑。～瘀。～风
expel, disperse, exorcise
* 离开所在的地方到别处；由自己一方到另一方，与"来"相对。 ～处。～路。～国。 * 距离，差别。 相～不远。 * 已过的，特指刚过去的一年。 ～年。～冬今春。 * 除掉，减掉。 ～掉。～皮。～势（①阉割；②动作或事情终了时的气势）。 * 扮演戏曲中的角色。 他～男主角。 * 用在动词后，表示趋向。 上～。进～。 * 用在动词后，表示持续。 信步走～。 * 汉语四声之一。 ～声（①古汉语四声的第三声；②普通话字调中的第四声）
go away, leave, depart
Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 拼音è。古代妇女发髻上像花一样的饰物
hair ornaments used in old time
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
* 同"趹"
hard of walk forward