槡

Unicode: U+69E1

Pinyin: sang

Structure

Related substructures

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script

c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)

---

Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->

Chu Script

c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)

---

A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->

Qin Script

c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)

---

Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->

Small Seal Script

Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin

---

The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms

Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)

---

Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC