中

辛

Unicode: U+8F9B

Pinyin: xīn

Definition

* 辣。 ～辣。五～。 * 劳苦，艰难。 ～苦。～劳。 * 悲伤。 ～酸。 * 天干的第八位，用于作顺序第八的代称。 ～亥革命。 * 姓

bitter; toilsome, laborious; 8th heavenly stem

Structure

辛 graph

Related substructures

SMMbKSQ3 pxbWlbXy HMssySku 4IrAJblv TRho3PZ0 02igDJyF

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
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Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_E7AA34_E78A34_E78934_E78E34_E79134_E7AD34_E7A934_E79F34_E78D34_E79234_E79A34_E7AC34_E79834_E7A034_E7A134_E78F34_E79034_E7A734_E79E34_E79634_E79734_E79534_E7B534_E79334_E79934_E7A234_E7A834_E79B34_E7AE34_E7A334_E7BA34_E7A534_E7AB34_E79D34_E7B034_E7BB34_E7BF34_E79C34_E7B334_E7B434_E7AF34_E7A634_E7A434_E78B34_E78C34_E7B134_E7B634_E7C234_E7BE34_E7B834_E7BD34_E7BC34_E7B734_E7C034_E7B934_E7C134_E7C334_E7C434_E7B234_E7C534_E7C634_E7C734_E7C8
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_F7B553_F7B653_F7B753_F7B853_F7B153_F7BB53_F7BC53_F7BD53_F7BE53_F7BF53_F7CC53_F7B253_F7CE53_F7D053_F7C653_F7B953_F7BA53_F7C753_F7C053_F7C153_F7D153_F7CD53_F7CF53_F7CA53_F7C253_F7B353_F7C353_F7B453_F7C853_F7CB53_F7D253_F7C953_F7D353_F7C453_F7C553_F7D553_F7D453_F7D753_F7D658_E05D58_E05E58_E05F58_E06958_E06058_E06158_E06258_E06358_E06458_E06558_E06658_E06758_E068
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
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Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8F9B
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_EC8194_EC8594_EC8694_EC8794_EC8871_EECB71_EECC94_EC8294_EC8994_EC8394_EC84
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EDFB85_EDFC85_EDFD85_EDFE85_EDFF85_EE0085_EE0185_EE0285_EE03

Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC