中

Structure 亠 | HanziFinder

6284 4IrAJblv
5101 泣
U+6CE3 lì sè qì
Variants: 𣲔

* 小声哭。 ～诉（哭着控诉）。抽～。哭～。涕～。 * 眼泪。 饮～。～下如雨。～血（ａ．流眼泪没有声，像出血那样；ｂ．指在丧事期）

cry, sob, weep

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
57_E8E9
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6CE3
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F1A893_F1A993_F1AA93_F1AB93_F1AC
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_ED2084_ED2184_ED2284_ED2384_ED2484_ED2584_ED26
5102 譎
U+8B4E jué
Variants: 噊 矞 谲

* 见"谲"

cunning, crafty, sly, wily

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B4E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F1E781_F1E881_F1E9
5103 狡
U+72E1 xiào jiǎo
Variants: 㺒 𤟋

* 诡诈。 ～猾。～诈。～黠。～辩。～赖。 * 多力，壮健。 壮～

cunning, deceitful, treacherous

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EAB5
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_72E1
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_EAB593_E8BA93_E8BB93_E8BC93_E8B893_E8B9
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E2CD84_E2CE84_E2CF84_E2D084_E2D184_E2D2
5104 䛿
U+46FF gé

* 狡猾。 * 语不相入

cunning; craft; sly; wily; artful, bright; wise

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E9CF
5105 䛢
U+46E2 tū

* 拼音tū。[诋～] 狡猾

cunning; crafty; sly; sily; artful

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F274
5106 詛
U+8A5B zǔ
Variants: 謯 诅 𥛜 𧇘

* 求神加禍於別人，現泛指咒罵："百姓之咎怨誹謗，～君於上帝者多矣"。～咒。～罵。 * 盟誓："～無畜羣公子"

curse; swear, pledge

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E1A451_E1A358_E3D555_EE5658_E3D655_EE57
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E257
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A5B
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E25791_EE2C
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F1A681_F1A781_F1A881_F1A981_F1AA
5107 幨
U+5E68 chān chàn
Variants: 裧 𢃔 𢅐

chān:* 帷幔，如车帷、帐帷等。 * 皱起。 chàn:* 衣襟

curtain

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EF5083_EF51
5109 劈
U+5288 pī pǐ
Variants: 礕 𨐯

pī:* 用刀斧或强力破开。 ～杀。～刺。～成两半。 * 雷电击坏或击毙。 天打雷～。 * 冲着，正对着。 ～头盖脑。 * 两个斜面合成的纵截面呈三角形的简单机械，刀、斧、楔子等各种切削工具的刃都属于这一类（亦称"尖劈"）。 pǐ:* 分开。 ～柴。～成三股。 * 分裂，使从原物上分开。 把菜帮儿～下来。 * 腿或手指等过分叉开。 ～叉

cut apart, split, chop

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5288
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E82582_E82682_E82782_E82882_E82982_E82A82_E82B
5110 䆍
U+418D lóng
Variants: 𪚗

* 拼音lóng。 * 已割倒而未收拢打捆的农作物。 * 禾病

cut crops (not yet collected and tied up)

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E53B
5111 㱞
U+3C5E jí
Variants: 砐 𣧉

* 拼音yì。同"岌"。，危

danger; precarious; perilous, lofty; high, to decay; to break; to snap

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E60B82_E60C
5112 䒌
U+448C mìng

* 同"靘"

dark blue color, without color, to close the eyes

5113 黯
U+9EEF ān àn
Variants: 黤 𪒠

* 昏黑。 ～淡。～然。～～。～黑

dark, black; sullen, dreary

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EEF
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EA8B93_EA8C
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E52D
5114 冥

* 昏暗。 幽～。～蒙。晦～。 * 深奥，深沉。 ～思。～想。～心。 * 糊涂，愚昧。 ～顽不灵。 * 迷信的人称人死后进入的世界。 ～界。～府。～婚。～衣。～寿

dark, gloomy, night; deep

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_51A5
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_EE6992_EE6A92_EE6B92_EE6E92_EE6892_EE6C92_EE6F92_EE6D92_EE7092_EE71
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E23F83_E24083_E24183_E24283_E24383_E24483_E24583_E24683_E24783_E24883_E24983_E24A
5115 暝
U+669D míng mǐng
Variants: 冥

* 日落，天黑。 日将～。天已～。 * 黄昏。 ～色

dark, obscure

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_51A5
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E23F83_E24083_E24183_E24283_E24383_E24483_E24583_E24683_E24783_E24883_E24983_E24A
5116 伭
U+4F2D xián xuán
Variants: 𠆺

xián:* 凶狠。 xuán:* 通"玄"。 * 同"悬"。 * 姓

dark, somber; deep, profound

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4F2D
5117 暗

* 不亮，没有光，与"明"相对。 黑～。～淡（ａ．不光明；ｂ．喻景象悲惨）。阴～。～无天日。 * 不公开的，隐藏不露的。 ～藏。～号。～杀。～娼。～沟。～含（做事、说话包含某种意思而未明白说出）。～流（ａ．流动的地下水；ｂ．喻潜伏的思想倾向或社会动态）。明察～访。 * 愚昧，糊涂。 ～昧。～弱（愚昧软弱）。兼听则明，偏信则～

dark; obscure; in secret, covert

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6697
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E13B83_E13C83_E13D
5118 暠
U+66A0 gǎo hào
Variants: 皓 𣉞

* 同"皓"

daybreak; bright and brilliant

Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_EDF392_EDF592_EDF4
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F3BC83_F3BD83_F3BE
5120 聾
U+807E lóng
Variants: 䏊 聋 聾 𤼃 𦗤

* 见"聋"

deaf

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
45_EFB0
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EF02
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
57_ECC357_ECC4
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_807E
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F51693_F51793_F51893_F519
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F1F784_F1F884_F1F984_F1FA84_F1FB84_F1FC84_F1FD84_F1FE
5121 論
U+F941 lùn lún
Variants: 侖 论 論 𠐜 𧪺

lùn:* 分析，说明事理。 * 衡量；评定。 * 定罪。 * 推知。 * 陈述；叙说。 * 顾及；考虑。李斯 * 凭借；倚仗。元高文秀 * 依据，按照。如。 论斤；论件；论年纪我大，论技术他高。 * 言论；主张；学说。如：唯物论；方法论；崇论宏议。 * 一种以议论为主的文体，即议论文。三國魏曹丕 * 释迦弟子解释经义、论辩法相的书籍，同"经"、"律"合称为"三藏"。"論藏"是梵语阿毗达摩藏的义译。 * 古气球名。一种运动用具。 * 姓。 lún:* 《論語》的简称。南朝梁皇侃《論語義疏序》引漢劉向《别録》："魯人所學謂之《魯論》，齊人所學謂之《齊論》，古壁所傳謂之《古論》。" * 通"倫"。➊伦次；条理。 * 通"掄"。选择。 * 用同"掄（ lūn ）"。手臂用力旋动。元楊梓

debate; discuss; discourse

5122 論
U+8AD6 lún lùn
Variants: 侖 论 論 𠐜 𧪺

lùn:* 分析，说明事理。 * 衡量；评定。 * 定罪。 * 推知。 * 陈述；叙说。 * 顾及；考虑。李斯 * 凭借；倚仗。元高文秀 * 依据，按照。如。 论斤；论件；论年纪我大，论技术他高。 * 言论；主张；学说。如：唯物论；方法论；崇论宏议。 * 一种以议论为主的文体，即议论文。三國魏曹丕 * 释迦弟子解释经义、论辩法相的书籍，同"经"、"律"合称为"三藏"。"論藏"是梵语阿毗达摩藏的义译。 * 古气球名。一种运动用具。 * 姓。 lún:* 《論語》的简称。南朝梁皇侃《論語義疏序》引漢劉向《别録》："魯人所學謂之《魯論》，齊人所學謂之《齊論》，古壁所傳謂之《古論》。" * 通"倫"。➊伦次；条理。 * 通"掄"。选择。 * 用同"掄（ lūn ）"。手臂用力旋动。元楊梓

debate; discuss; discourse

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EBBD
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E22271_E22371_E22571_E224
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8AD6
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E22271_E22371_E22571_E22491_ED5591_ED5791_ED5891_ED56
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F0AB81_F0AC81_F0AD81_F0AE81_F0AF81_F0B081_F0B181_F0B281_F0B381_F0B481_F0B5
5123 竍
U+7ACD shi

* shí ㄕˊ 公制容量单位"十升"的旧译。 英语 decaliter

decaliter

5124 詭
U+8A6D guǐ
Variants: 謉 譌 诡

* 欺詐，奸滑。 ～稱。～道。～詐。～辯（➊無理強辯；➋邏輯學上指似是而非的論證，如"～～論"）。 * 怪異，出乎尋常。 ～異。～怪。～祕（隱祕難測）。～譎。 * 責成。 ～求（責求，索討，如"～～無已"）。 * 違反。 言行相～

deceive, cheat, defraud; sly

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A6D
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EE7F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F21E81_F21F81_F22081_F22181_F22281_F22381_F22481_F22581_F226
5125 訑
U+8A11 yí dàn
Variants: 詑 誕 𧦧 𧦩 𧩹

* 古同"诞"，放纵

deceive, cheat; arrogant

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EC0A
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E274
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A9527_E20E
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E274
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F1CE81_F1CF81_F1D081_F1D181_F1D281_F1D381_F1D481_F1D581_F1D681_F1D781_F1D881_F1D981_F1DA
5126 譸

* "诪" 的繁体

deceive, cheat; hurried, bustling

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B78
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F1A181_F1A281_F1A381_F1A4
5127 謾
U+8B3E màn mán
Variants: 㗄 䛲 谩 𠿐 𧫩 𧬒

* "谩" 的繁体

deceive, insult

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B3E
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EE1D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F18A
5128 誑
U+8A91 kuàng kuáng
Variants: 诳 逛 𧥶 𧪴

* 见"诳"

deceive, lie, delude, cheat

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A91
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EE22
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F18F81_F19081_F19181_F192
5129 竕
U+7AD5 fen

* fēn ㄈㄣ 公制容量单位"分升"的旧译。 英语 deciliter

deciliter

5130 衰
U+8870 cuī suō shuāi
Variants: 𠆂 𠆚 𠌺 𠱗 𣩖 𤸬 𧜸

shuāi:* 事物发展转向微弱。 ～微。～弱。～老。盛（ shèng ）～。兴（ xīng ）～。 cuī:* 等次，等级，等差。 等～（等次）。 * 同"缞"

decline, falter, decrease; weaken

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E7F5
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_F63856_F63956_F63A56_F63D56_F63E56_F63B56_F63C
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E95271_E953
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_887027_E6F4
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E95271_E95393_E18B93_E18C93_E18E93_E18F93_E18D93_E190
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EFAA83_EFAB83_EFAC83_EFAD83_EFAE83_EFAF83_EFB083_EFB1
5131 詔
U+8A54 zhāo zhào
Variants: 诏

* 见"诏"

decree, proclaim; imperial decree

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
35_EDBC35_EDBD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A54
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_ED9E91_ED9F91_EDA091_EDA291_EDA391_EDA1
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F10581_F106
5133 玄
U+7384 xuán xuàn
Variants: 泫 𢆯 𤇡 𤣥

* 深奥不容易理解的。 ～妙。～奥。～理（① 深奥的道理； ② 魏晋玄学所标榜的道理）。～学。～秘。 * 虚伪，不真实，不可靠。 ～想。～虚。 * 黑色。 ～青（深黑色）。～武（① 道教所奉的北方之神，它的形象为龟蛇合体； ② 二十八宿中北方七宿的合称）

deep, profound, abstruse; KangXi radical 95

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_F6BD31_F6C231_F6C031_F6BF31_F6CB31_F6C431_F6C631_F6BE31_F6C331_F6C131_F6C731_F6CC31_F6C831_F6C931_F6CD31_F6CE31_F6CA31_F6C531_F6D131_F6D031_F6D331_F6CF31_F6D231_F6D831_F6D431_F6D631_F6D7
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_F61251_F61351_F60F51_F61051_F61151_E3AA51_F60851_F60951_F60A51_F60B51_F60E51_F60C51_F60D56_E17956_E17A56_E17B56_E178
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E3F7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_738428_EEEB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_F5E991_F5EA91_F5EB91_F5EC91_F5EF71_E3F791_F5ED91_F5F091_F5F191_F5EE91_F5F391_F5F2
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E53182_E53282_E53382_E53482_E53582_E53682_E53782_E53882_E53982_E53A82_E53B82_E53C82_E53D82_E53E82_E53F82_E540
5134 萃
U+8403 cuì
Variants: 𦬡

* 草丛生，草茂盛的样子。 * 聚集。 ～集。～聚。荟～。出类拔～。 * 古同"悴"，憔悴。 * 姓

dense, thick, close-set; to collect together

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_E2FD31_E2FE35_E3B5
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8403
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_E3F691_E3F791_E3F991_E3FA91_E3F8
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EC1E81_EC1F81_EC2081_EC2181_EC2281_EC2381_EC2481_EC2581_EC2681_EC2781_EC2881_EC2981_EC2A81_EC2B81_EC2C81_EC2D81_EC2E81_EC2F81_EC3081_EC3181_EC3281_EC3381_EC3481_EC3581_EC3681_EC3781_EC38
5135 倅
U+5005 cuì zú
Variants: 伜 卒

cuì:* 副。 ～车。～职。～帅。 zú:* 古同"卒"

deputy, vice-

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_F69342_F69442_F69542_F69642_F69742_F69842_F69942_F69A42_F69B42_F69C42_F69D42_F69E42_F69F42_F6A042_F6A142_F6A242_F6A342_F6A442_F6A542_F6A642_F6A742_F6A842_F6A942_F6AA42_F6AB42_F6AC42_F6AD
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E12E37_EBE433_E12F37_EBE637_EBE733_E14337_EBE937_EBEA33_E165
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_F429
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E95471_E95571_E956
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5005
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_F7BF92_F7C0
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EFB283_EFB383_EFB483_EFB583_EFB683_EFB783_EFB883_EFB983_EFBA83_EFBB83_EFBC83_EFBD83_EFBE83_EFBF83_EFC083_EFC183_EFC283_EFC3
5136 詳
U+8A73 xiáng yáng
Variants: 详 𧨢

xiáng:* 細密，完備，與"略"相對。 ～細。～略。～情。～談。周～。～實（詳細而確實。亦作"翔實"）。語焉不～（說得不詳細）。 * 清楚地知道。 內容不～。 * 說明，細說。 內～。 * 審慎。 ～平（審理案件審慎公平）。～刑（斷案用刑謹慎）。 * 舊時的一種公文，下級官員對上級的報告。 上～。～文。 yáng:* 同"佯"，假裝

detailed, complete, thorough

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A73
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_ED5F91_ED6091_ED6191_ED6291_ED6391_ED64
5137 鉉
U+9249 xuàn
Variants: 铉

* 古代舉鼎器具，狀如鉤，銅制，用以提鼎兩耳。 * 比喻三公之類重臣。 * 通"弦"

device for carrying a tripod

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
39_E52C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9249
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_E813
5138 铉
U+94C9 xuàn
Variants: 鉉

* 古代举鼎器具，状如钩，铜制，用以提鼎两耳

device for carrying a tripod

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
39_E52C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9249
5139 詪
U+8A6A hěn
Variants: 很 𧨛 𧩺

* 同"很"。很戾

difficulty in speaking; wrangling

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E210
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EE4891_EE49
5140 焞
U+711E tūn
Variants: 焌 𤑴

* 光明。 ～耀天地。 * 〔～～〕ａ．（星光）暗弱，如"天策～～。"ｂ．（声音）盛大，如"戎车嘽嘽，嘽嘽～～，如霆如雷。" * 古代卜卦用来烧灼龟甲的火炬

dim

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_711E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E47184_E472
5141 肮
U+80AE háng āng gāng kǎng
Variants: 亢 骯

* 〔～脏〕➊不干净；➋喻卑鄙、丑恶

dirty

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_E72A43_E72B43_E72C43_E72D43_E72E43_E72F
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EACB33_EACA33_EACC33_EACE33_EACD33_EACF33_EAD033_EAD1
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E44A
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4EA227_980F
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E44A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E66184_E66284_E66384_E66484_E665
5142 骯
U+9AAF āng kǎng
Variants: 肮 𩨺

kăng:* 〔骯髒〕 ➊高亢剛直貌。 āng:* 〔骯髒〕 ➊齷齪，不乾凈。李鑒堂

dirty

5143 褻
U+893B dié xiè
Variants: 䙝 亵 暬 𧃳

* 內衣；便服。 * 衣破之餘。 * 輕慢；侮弄。 * 親近；寵倖。 * 污穢；骯髒。如：穢褻；褻器。 * 不莊重。 * 熟悉

dirty, ragged; slight, insult, treat with disrespect

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E15E
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_F635
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_893B
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EF89
5144 燣
U+71E3 lán
Variants: 燷 𤒢

* 焦黄色。 * 炒。 * 热："其味不毒，而其气不～。"

disappointed

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E509
5145 燷
U+71F7 lán
Variants: 燣

* 同"燣"

disappointed

5146 壈
U+58C8 lǎn
Variants: 𡒄

* 〔坎～〕不平，喻不顺利，如"英雄～～识天意，失路东归亦何济。"

disappointed

5147 𡒄
U+21484 lǎn

* 同"壈"

disappointed

5148 譈
U+8B48 duì
Variants: 憝

* 古同"憝"，怨恨；憎恶："凡民罔不～。"

dislike

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_619D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E8D184_E8D284_E8D3
5150 龎
U+9F8E páng
Variants: 厐 龐 龎

* 同"庞"

disorderly, messy; huge, big

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_E1BE43_E1BF43_E1C043_E1C143_E1C243_E1C343_E1C443_E1C543_E1C643_E1C743_E1C843_E1C943_E1CA43_E1CB43_E1CC43_E1CD43_E1CE43_E1CF43_E1D043_E1D1
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9F90
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F73083_F73183_F73283_F73383_F73583_F734
5151 龐
U+9F90 páng
Variants: 䮾 庞 龎

* 高大。如："龐大"。唐•柳宗元 * 雜亂。 * 面貌、臉蛋。如："面龐"、"臉龐"。元•王實甫 * 姓。如戰國時魏國有龐涓

disorderly, messy; huge, big

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_E1BE43_E1BF43_E1C043_E1C143_E1C243_E1C343_E1C443_E1C543_E1C643_E1C743_E1C843_E1C943_E1CA43_E1CB43_E1CC43_E1CD43_E1CE43_E1CF43_E1D043_E1D1
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9F90
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_E61693_E61493_E61593_E617
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F73083_F73183_F73283_F73383_F73583_F734
5152 辩

* 说明是非或争论真假。 分～（亦作"分辨"）。争～。答～。～白。～驳。～护。～解（ jiě ）。～论。～士。～证

dispute, argue, debate, discuss

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
58_E07258_E073
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EEDB
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8FAF
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EE1E85_EE1F85_EE2085_EE2185_EE2285_EE2385_EE2485_EE2585_EE2685_EE27
5153 辯

* 见"辩"

dispute, argue, debate, discuss

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
58_E07258_E073
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EEDB
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8FAF
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_EEDB94_ECA894_ECA994_ECAA94_ECAB94_ECAC94_ECAD94_ECAF94_ECB094_ECAE
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EE1E85_EE1F85_EE2085_EE2185_EE2285_EE2385_EE2485_EE2585_EE2685_EE27
5154 脝
U+811D hēng

* 〔膨～〕见"膨"

distend

5155 辨
U+8FA8 piàn bān bàn biàn biǎn
Variants: 辦 辧 辯

* 分别，分析，明察。 ～别。～认。～析。～正。～识。明～是非。 * 古代土地面积单位，九夫为一辨，七辨为一并

distinguish, discriminate

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_E08A32_E08B32_E08C
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E46171_E462
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8FA8
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E46171_E46291_F80691_F80791_F80891_F80C91_F80991_F80A91_F80B91_F80D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E80082_E80182_E80282_E80382_E80482_E805
5156 匟
U+531F kàng
Variants: 炕

* 古同"炕"，炕床

divan for two persons

5157 㒀
U+3480 zhǎ

* 同"谪"。 * 拼音zhāi。 * 无所顾忌

do not fear to

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E06033_E061
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_F2AC91_F2AD91_F2AE91_F2AF91_F2B091_F2B191_F2B292_F7F5
5158 䚳
U+46B3 zhì xiè

* 拼音zhì。 * 不知。 * 快。 * zhì舒服。 中原官话

do not know, to know nothing about, quickly; fast, sharp; keen

5160 闶
U+95F6 kāng kàng
Variants: 閌

kàng:* 高大。 kāng:* 〔～阆〕方言，建筑物中空廊的部分，如"这井下面的～～真大"。亦称"闶阆子"。 * （閌）

door

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_958C
5161 閌
U+958C kāng kàng
Variants: 䦎 闶

* 均见"闶"

door

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_958C
5162 霶
U+9736 pāng páng
Variants: 雱 𩅅

* 〔～霈（ pèi ）〕（雨）下得很大的样子，如"云飞扬兮雨～～。"

downpouring of rain

5163 槀
U+69C0 gǎo kǎo kào
Variants: 槁 犒 稾

gǎo:* 同"槁"。干枯。 * 通"稾"。草；草率。 * 东汉县名。故地在今河北省槀城市。 gǎo:* 〔槀本〕香草名，即藁本。伞形科，多年生草本。根茎及根可入药。 * 箭干。 kào:* 同"槁"。犒劳。后作"犒"。 kǎo:* 同"槁"

draft, manuscript

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_EA85
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
36_EEA8
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_EABD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_69C1
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_E7CF92_E7D092_E7D192_E7D292_E7D3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F3AE82_F3AF82_F3B082_F3B182_F3B282_F3B382_F3B482_F3B5
5164 稿
U+7A3F gǎo
Variants: 槁 稁 稾 藳

* 谷类植物的茎秆。 ～秆。～荐（稻草编的垫子）。 * 文字、图画的草底，又喻事先考虑的计划。 文～。～本。～件。讲～

draft, manuscript, rough copy

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_EA85
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
36_EEA8
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_EABD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7A3F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E4B683_E4B7
5165 稾

* 同"稿"

draft, manuscript, rough copy

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_E30D41_E30E41_E30F
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_E33631_E337
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E46551_E46651_E46751_E46855_E418
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E77871_E779
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7A3F
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E77871_E77992_F05392_F05492_F055
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E4B683_E4B7
5166 牽

* 见"牵"

drag, pull, lead by hand

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E0C771_E0C8
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_727D
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E0C771_E0C891_E68491_E68791_E68591_E686
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E6D681_E6D781_E6D881_E6D981_E6DA81_E6DB81_E6DD81_E6DC
5167 龒
U+9F92 lóng
Variants: 龍

* 古同"龙"

dragon

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_EB3F43_EB4043_EB4143_EB4243_EB4343_EB4443_EB4543_EB4643_EB4743_EB4843_EB4943_EB4A43_EB4B43_EB4C43_EB4D43_EB4E43_EB4F43_EB5043_EB5143_EB5243_EB5343_EB5443_EB5543_EB56
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EDF834_EE4434_EE5633_EDF733_EDFA33_EDF933_EDFB33_EDFD33_EDFC33_EDFE
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E67153_E66D53_E66E53_E66F53_E67057_E9B957_E9BA57_E9B857_E9BE57_E9BD57_E9BF57_E9BB57_E9BC
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EBF671_EBF871_EBF7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9F8D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EFF984_EFFA84_EFFB84_EFFC84_EFFD84_EFFE84_EFFF84_F00084_F00184_F00284_F00784_F00384_F00484_F00584_F006
5168 龍

lóng:* 傳說中的神異動物，身長，有鱗爪，能興雲降雨。 * 封建時代用作帝王的象徵，也指帝王使用的東西。 * 比喻英雄才俊。 * 十二生肖之一，與地支辰相配。 * 指龍形的長條物。 水龍；火龍；車水馬龍。 * 指龍形的花紋：龍幣；龍盾；龍袞。 * 有龍形花紋或形狀像龍的東西的代稱。如：①龍杓。 * 駿馬。 * 星名。①東方七宿。 * 古代傳說中的官名。 * 由龍捲風形成的積雨雲。唐張籍 * 舊時堪輿家以山勢為龍。 * 古代煉丹術士稱水或汞。唐李咸用 * 龍泉劍的省稱，泛指精良的劍。唐施肩吾 * 萌。 * 通。 * 和。 * 水草名。即葒草。也作"蘢"。 * 通"寵（chŏng）"。榮耀。 * 古地名。春秋魯地。在今山東省泰安市。 * 通"壟"。①岡壟。 * 姓。 máng:* 通"尨"雜色

dragon; symbolic of emperor

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_EB3F43_EB4043_EB4143_EB4243_EB4343_EB4443_EB4543_EB4643_EB4743_EB4843_EB4943_EB4A43_EB4B43_EB4C43_EB4D43_EB4E43_EB4F43_EB5043_EB5143_EB5243_EB5343_EB5443_EB5543_EB56
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EDF834_EE4434_EE5633_EDF733_EDFA33_EDF933_EDFB33_EDFD33_EDFC33_EDFE
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E67153_E66D53_E66E53_E66F53_E67057_E9B957_E9BA57_E9B857_E9BE57_E9BD57_E9BF57_E9BB57_E9BC
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EBF671_EBF871_EBF7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9F8D
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_EBF671_EBF871_EBF793_F33693_F33793_F33893_F33993_F33B93_F33A93_F34293_F34393_F34493_F34593_F34693_F34793_F33C93_F33D93_F33E93_F34893_F34993_F33F93_F34093_F341
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EFF984_EFFA84_EFFB84_EFFC84_EFFD84_EFFE84_EFFF84_F00084_F00184_F00284_F00784_F00384_F00484_F00584_F006
5169 龍

lóng:* 傳說中的神異動物，身長，有鱗爪，能興雲降雨。 * 封建時代用作帝王的象徵，也指帝王使用的東西。 * 比喻英雄才俊。 * 十二生肖之一，與地支辰相配。 * 指龍形的長條物。 水龍；火龍；車水馬龍。 * 指龍形的花紋：龍幣；龍盾；龍袞。 * 有龍形花紋或形狀像龍的東西的代稱。如：①龍杓。 * 駿馬。 * 星名。①東方七宿。 * 古代傳說中的官名。 * 由龍捲風形成的積雨雲。唐張籍 * 舊時堪輿家以山勢為龍。 * 古代煉丹術士稱水或汞。唐李咸用 * 龍泉劍的省稱，泛指精良的劍。唐施肩吾 * 萌。 * 通。 * 和。 * 水草名。即葒草。也作"蘢"。 * 通"寵（chŏng）"。榮耀。 * 古地名。春秋魯地。在今山東省泰安市。 * 通"壟"。①岡壟。 * 姓。 máng:* 通"尨"雜色

dragon; symbolic of emperor

5170 竜
U+7ADC lóng néng zhāng
Variants: 章 能 龍

lóng:* 宠。 * 起。 * 同"龍"。 néng:* 同"能"。 zhāng:* 同"章"

dragon; symbolic of emperor

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EAE2
5171 訂
U+8A02 dìng
Variants: 订

* 见"订"

draw up agreement; arrange

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A02
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F0B6
5172 醨
U+91A8 lí
Variants: 漓

* 味不浓烈的酒："何不餔其糟而啜其～？" * 浅薄："其传者～，其继者浅。"

dregs of wine

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_91A8
5173 薧
U+85A7 kǎo hāo
Variants: 𣨻 𧂎

hāo:* 〔～里〕坟墓。 kǎo:* 干的食物："凡其死、生、鲜、～之物，以共王之膳。"

dried food

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_F803
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_85A7
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E63482_E635
5174 滴
U+6EF4 dī
Variants: 渧 𣾪 𤁷

* 液体一点一点地向下落。 ～眼药。～落。～翠。水～石穿（喻只要有恒心，不断努力，事情一定能成功，亦作"滴水穿石"）。～漏（漏壶）。 * 一点一点向下落的液体。 水～。汗～。 * 量词，用于滴下的液体的数量。 ～水不漏。两～墨水

drip; drop of water

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6EF4
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EC04
5175 溟
U+6E9F mì míng mǐng
Variants: 冥

* 〔～～〕ａ．形容潮湿、潮润；ｂ．形容昏暗。 * 海。 东～。"北～有鱼，其名为鲲"

drizzling rain; dark, obscure

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6E9F
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F0E9
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E23F83_E24083_E24183_E24283_E24383_E24483_E24583_E24683_E24783_E24883_E24983_E24A
5176 䤃
U+4903 yìn

* 拼音yīn。醉声

drunken sound, drunk, to ferment; food made through the way of fermentation

5177 焙
U+7119 bèi
Variants: 𤉮 𤊷

* 用微火烘烤。 ～干。～烧（在物料熔点以下加热的一种过程）

dry over slow fire; bake; roast

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E4F3
5178 瘖
U+7616 yīn

* 同"喑"

dumb, mute, unable speak

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7616
5179 㿰
U+3FF0 áo

* 拼音áo。皮坚

durable and solid leather

5180 職
U+8077 zhí zhì tè
Variants: 聀 职 軄

* 職務，分（ fèn ）內應做的事。 ～業。～務。～守。～權。天～。盡～。 * 職位，執行事務所處的一定地位。 ～工。～位。～員。～稱。以身殉～。 * 舊時公文用語，下屬對上司的自稱。 卑～。～當奉命。 * 掌管。 ～掌。 * 由於。 ～此而已

duty, profession; office, post

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_EEFB33_EEFC
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_E833
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EC3D71_EC3E
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8077
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_EC3D71_EC3E93_F4F593_F4FB93_F4F693_F4F793_F4F893_F4F993_F4FA93_F4FC93_F4FD93_F4FE
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F1CA84_F1CB84_F1CC84_F1CD84_F1CE
5181 镝
U+955D dī dí
Variants: 鏑 𨫢 𨬙

* 箭头，亦指箭。 锋～。鸣～

dysprosium

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_93D1
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E8FE85_E8FF85_E90085_E90185_E902
5182 鏑
U+93D1 dī dí
Variants: 镝 𨫢 𨬙 𨮹

* 均见"镝"

dysprosium; the barb of an arrow; the head of a javelin

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_93D1
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E8FE85_E8FF85_E90085_E90185_E902
5183 蔉
U+8509 gǔn

* 同"蓘"

earth up

5184 罋
U+7F4B wèng
Variants: 瓮

* 同"瓮"

earthen jar; jar for ashes

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7F4B
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_E4BE92_E4BF
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E04A85_E04B
5185 甕
U+7515 wèng
Variants: 瓮

* 见"瓮"

earthen jar; jar for ashes

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_74EE
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_E4BE92_E4BF
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E04A85_E04B
5186 㼚

* 同"缸"

earthware; pottery (a basin; a pot; a bowl. a cistern; a crock), (interchangeable 缸) a big earthen jar

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E05B
5187 蟺
U+87FA dàn chán tuó shàn
Variants: 蟬 蟮 鱔

* 蚯蚓。 * 鳝鱼："蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇～之穴无可寄托者。" * 蜕变；变迁："形气转续兮，变化而～。"

earthworm

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
44_E28C44_E28D44_E28E
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_87FA
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E3AC85_E3AD
5188 䦲
U+49B2 qiàn yán
Variants: 檐

* 拼音yán。同"檐"

eaves of a ancestral temple (of the ruling family), door of a shrine or a temple, small opening (of a door), to spy; to peep

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E9DC
5190 檐

* 房顶伸出墙壁的部分。 房～儿。廊～。飞～。前～。～沟。～头。～牙。 * 覆盖物的边沿或伸出的部分。 帽～儿

eaves of house; brim, rim

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_E9A132_E9A232_E9A0
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_EAC856_EAC956_EACA56_EACB56_EACC56_EACD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6A90
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F3FB82_F3FC
5191 効
U+52B9 xiào
Variants: 效

* 同"效"

efficacious, effectiveness; to toil, to serve in the army

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
41_F1E441_F1E541_F1E641_F1E741_F1E841_F1E941_F1EA41_F1EB41_F1EC41_F1ED41_F1EE41_F1EF41_F1F041_F1F141_F1F2
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_F1E331_F1E031_F1E431_F1E131_F1E231_F1E5
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E33A71_E33B71_E33C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6548
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E33A71_E33B71_E33C91_F25A91_F25B91_F25D91_F25E91_F25C91_F25F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E823
5192 锿
U+953F āi
Variants: 鎄 鑀

* 一种人造放射性元素

einsteinium (Es)

5193 彦
U+5F66 yàn
Variants: 彥 𢒊

* 古代指有才学、德行的人。 俊～。～士

elegant

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5F65
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F47A83_F47B
5195 擁
U+64C1 yōng yǒng
Variants: 㨣 拥 𢶜 𢹬 𢹭 𢺠

* 抱；拥抱。 * 聚；聚集。 * 围裹。 * 持；执持。 * 掀卷；裹挟；推送。 * 拥护；护卫。 * 占据；占有。漢賈誼 * 遮掩；蒙蔽。 * 肿。也作"臃"。清翟瀬 * 曲隈。 * 阻塞

embrace, hug, squeeze; crowd

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_64C1
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F623
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_F34584_F34684_F347
5196 敵
U+6575 dí
Variants: 敌 𠢗 𢿪

* 见"敌"

enemy, foe, rival; resist

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_F22535_F482
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6575
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_F2AC91_F2AD91_F2AE91_F2AF91_F2B091_F2B191_F2B292_F7F5
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F7E881_F7E981_F7EA81_F7EB81_F7EC81_F7ED
5197 讐
U+8B90 chóu
Variants: 讎

* 同"雠"

enemy, rival, opponent

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_EBAF31_EBB0
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E21C71_E21D71_E21E
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B8E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F05181_F05281_F05381_F05481_F05581_F05681_F05781_F058
5198 享

* 受用。 ～福。～乐。～誉。～年（敬辞，享有的年岁，对人或朝代而言）。～受。～用。～有。～国（帝王在位年数）。安～。分～。 * 贡献（指把祭品，珍品献给祖先、神明或天子、侯王），上供。 ～堂。～殿

enjoy

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_E8DE42_E8DF42_E8E042_E8E142_E8E242_E8E342_E8E442_E8E542_E8E642_E8E742_E8E842_E8E942_E8EA42_E8EB42_E8EC42_E8ED42_E8EE42_E8EF42_E8F042_E8F142_E8F242_E8F342_E8F442_E8F542_E8F6
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
32_E84832_E84B32_E84A32_E84932_E84732_E84C32_E84632_E84D32_E86F32_E85332_E84E32_E85432_E85B32_E89232_E85532_E85C32_E89732_E85032_E87732_E86332_E85D32_E87832_E87332_E89A32_E87F32_E88332_E85F32_E86032_E85932_E85632_E87032_E87932_E85732_E88932_E88A32_E86432_E86632_E86532_E85132_E85832_E87E32_E89032_E85232_E87B32_E85E32_E85A32_E87232_E86232_E86132_E87A32_E88132_E87C32_E86732_E89132_E84F32_E88232_E88432_E86B32_E86A32_E86932_E86E32_E87132_E88032_E86832_E86C32_E86D32_E88D32_E87632_E88E32_E89832_E87432_E88832_E88732_E88F32_E88532_E88C32_E89532_E89332_E88632_E88B32_E87532_E89632_E894
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_E3C452_E3C552_E3C652_E3BF52_E3B752_E3B852_E3B952_E3BA52_E3B652_E3BB52_E3BC52_E3BD52_E3BE52_E3C052_E3C152_E3C252_E3C356_E9A756_E9A856_E9A956_E9AA56_E9AC56_E9AB
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E58971_E58771_E58871_E58A
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_F48027_4EAB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_E56692_E56792_E56892_E56992_E56C92_E56D92_E56A92_E56B92_E56E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_F0E882_F0E982_F0EA82_F0EB82_F0EC82_F0ED82_F0EE82_F0EF82_F0F082_F0F182_F0F282_F0F382_F0F482_F0F582_F0F682_F0F782_F0F882_F0F9
5199 犒

* 用酒食或财物慰劳。 ～劳。～赏。～师

entertain victorious soldiers

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_EA85
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
36_EEA8
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
56_EABD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_69C1
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E6F981_E6FA
5201 圞
U+571E luán
Variants: 圝 𡈻 𪢮

* 〔团～〕①形容圆，如"明月～～"；②团聚；团圆，如"可唤儿辈来，作～～之会。"

entire, complete; round